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Harman hydrochloride

Product NameHarman hydrochloride
CAS21655-84-5
MFC12H11ClN2
MW218.68
EINECS244-507-7
MOL File21655-84-5.mol

Chemical Properties

Melting point	290°C
storage temp.	Sealed in dry,Room Temperature

Usage And Synthesis

Uses

Harmane hydrochloride is a benzodiazepine receptor inhibitor (IC50=7 μM), with IC50 values for mACh, Opioid Receptor, MAO-A/B, and α2-adrenergic receptor of 24 μM, 2.8 μM, 0.5 μM, 5 μM, and 18 μM, respectively. Harmane hydrochloride inhibits the I1 imidazoline receptor (IC50 = 30 nM) to reduce blood pressure and has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and analgesic effects. Harmane hydrochloride inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and enhancing L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Additionally, Harmane hydrochloride can increase the mutagenic effect induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)[1][2][3][4][5][6].

in vivo

Harman (0-12.5mg/kg, i.v., single dose) has an ED₅₀ of 3.6 mg/kg for convulsant activity in rats. Its anticonvulsant effect lasts for a short time and delays the reaction time to pain^[1].
Harman (0.01-1 nM, injected into rostralventrolateral medulla, single dose) caused a decrease in blood pressure in rats^[2].
Harman (2.5-10 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in rats^[5].

Animal Model:	Female Wistar rats^[1]
Dosage:	0, 3.125, 6.25 mg/kg, single dose; 0, 1.56, 3.125, 6 25, 12.5 mg/kg, single dose; 0, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 mg/kg, single dose
Administration:	Intravenous injection (i.v.)
Result:	Delayed apamorphine-induced licking. Increased body temperature in rats, reaching the highest value in 25 minutes. 3.125 mg/kg or above caused hypothermia in a dose-dependent manner. Body temperature returned to the control level 100 minutes after injection of 3.125 or 6.25 mg/kg. Prolonged the reaction time to nociception. At 3.125 mg/kg, a delay in reaction could be detected in 20 minutes.

Animal Model:	β-carbon alkali-induced hypotension in rats^[2]
Dosage:	0.01-1 nM
Administration:	Injection into RVLM (rostralventrolateral medulla)
Result:	Caused a dose-dependent decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) without significant changes in heart rate (HR). Phaloxan could reverse the decrease in MAP.

Animal Model:	Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats^[5]
Dosage:	2.5, 5.0, 10 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
Result:	Reduced the immobility time in the swimming test and increased the time in the open arms in the maze test dose-dependently.

IC 50

hMAO-A: 0.5 μM (IC₅₀); MAO-B: 5 μM (IC₅₀); α2-adrenergic receptor: 18 μM (IC₅₀); I1-Imidazoline receptor: 30 nM (IC₅₀); nAChR: 24 μM (IC₅₀); benzodiazepine receptor: 7 nM (IC₅₀); Opioid receptor: 2.8 μM (IC₅₀); Loperamide: 163 μM (IC₅₀); Serotonin: 101 μM (IC₅₀)

References

[1] W E Müller, et al. On the neuropharmacology of harmane and other beta-carbolines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981 May;14(5):693-9. DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(81)90133-7
[2] Musgrave IF, et, al. Harmane produces hypotension following microinjection into the RVLM: possible role of I(1)-imidazoline receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;129(6):1057-9. DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703142
[3] Glover V, et, al. β-Carbolines as selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors:In vivo implications DOI:10.1007/BF01254930
[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/345280/
[5] E D Louis, et al. Harmane induces anxiolysis and antidepressant-like effects in rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Aug 9;65(3):391-6. DOI:10.1196/annals.1304.024
[6] Yoo Jung Yang, et al. Effects of harman and norharman on dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jun 10;587(1-3):57-64. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.050

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