ChEBI: [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-Hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-bis(sulfooxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-(sulfooxy)oxan-3-yl]oxidanesulfonic acid is a glycoside.
Biological Activity
Pentosan Polysulfate is an orally bioavailable semi-synthetic drug with anti-inflammatory and pro-chondrogenesis properties. Pentosan Polysulfate is also a potent and selective anti-HIV drug. Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium for the study of interstitial cystitis.
in vitro
Pentosan polysulfate has been shown to inhibit HIV-1 activity with an ED 50 of 0.19 μg/mL in MT-4 cells. It inhibits HIV-1 antigen expression in HUT-78 cells at an ED 50 of 0.02 μg/mL, and complete inhibition of HIV-1 antigen expression is obtained at a concentration of 4.0 μg/mL. Pentosan Polysulfate suppresses NF-κB, decreases the proinflammatory actions of TNFα, and decreases high glucose and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulated MCP-1 production.
in vivo
Pentosan polysulfate has been shown to decrease interstitial inflammation and glomerulosclerosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Pentosan polysulfate treatment preserves renal function, significantly reduces albuminuria, and markedly decreases the severity of renal lesions, including tubulointerstitial inflammation. Pentosan polysulfate also reduces upregulation of TNFα and proinflammatory genes in aging diabetic kidneys.
