Pinealon is a 3-amino acid peptide and shows neuroprotective properties. Pinealon prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and suppresses the activation of ERK 1/2. Pinealon stimulates the functional activity of the main cellular elements of brain tissue, reduces the level of spontaneous cell death. Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia.
EDR (Glu-Asp-Arg, Pinealon), a tripeptide isolated from the polypeptide neuroprotective drug Cortexin, is one of the neuroprotective arginine-containing peptides. Oral administration of Pinealon revealed its effectiveness in correcting cerebral dysfunctions in older age groups. The EDR peptide contributed to neuronal apoptosis reduction, improvement of memory, attention and cognitive functions, acceleration of perceptual-motor responses, an increased mental performance, and decreased central nervous system (CNS) ageing in the elderly[1].
Pinealon (10, 50, 100 nM; 30 min) in a dose-dependent manner prevents an increase in the ROS accumulation induced by ouabain in cerebellar granule cells.
Pinealon (10 nM; 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30 min) suppresses the activation of ERK 1/2 in rat cerebellar granule cells exposed to 500 mM homo-cysteine (HC).
[1] Vladimir Khavinson. “EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease.” Molecules (2020).
