Derenofylline is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (Ki = 1 nM). It is selective for adenosine A1 over A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors (Kis = 398, 3,981, and 200 nM, respectively). It decreases adenosine A1 receptor-mediated adenosine-induced bradycardia in rats (ED50 = 0.49 mg/kg) but reduces A2 receptor-mediated adenosine-induced hypotension by only 44.6% when administered at an intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg. It prevents increases in heart levels of collagen I and III in nephrectomized rats when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day. Derenofylline also reduces relative plaque counts in a Zika virus plaque-forming assay in A549 cells (IC50 = 58.6 nM) in an adenosine A1 receptor-independent manner without inducing cytotoxicity when used at concentrations less than 10 μM.
