Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)[1][2][3][4].

ChEBI: A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.

Microbial Metabolite; Human Endogenous Metabolite

[1] Lan W, et al. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid impairs transcription factor E3 -dependent autophagy-lysosome machinery by disrupting reactive oxygen species homeostasis in L02 cells[J]. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Oct 1;331:11-21. DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.017
[2] Wang A, et al. Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid Does Not Increase Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Expression in Bile Duct Epithelial Cells or Collagen Synthesis in Myofibroblasts[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2017 Dec;7(4):316-320. DOI:10.1016/j.jceh.2017.04.002
[3] Gonzalez B, et al. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC) induced hepatocyte apoptosis is associated with early modulation of intracellular PKC activity. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000 Apr;207(1-2):19-27. DOI:10.1023/a:1007021710825
[4] Shi C, et al. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid induces stemness and chemoresistance via the STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells[J]. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Aug 3;12(15):15546-15555. DOI:10.18632/aging.103751