Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M belongs to a family of RNA-binding multi-protein complexes that facilitate pre-mRNA processing. hnRNP M binds to GU rich regions of RNA and exists as 4 isoforms named M1-M4. Binding to pre-mRNA in early stages of spliceosome assembly, hnRNP M contributes to splicing events by inducing exon skipping as well as promoting exon inclusion. hnRNP M is expressed on the surface of Kupffer cells, and acts as a receptor for carcinoembryonic antigen, a biomarker for colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver. hnRNP M has also shown to be a key regulator of the innate immune response in macrophages, where it represses key inflammatory and antimicrobial genes.
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