Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
Lipopolysaccharides from
Escherichia coli O111:B4 has been used:
- to stimulate an inflammatory response in porcine liver tissues in-vivo and piglet ileum tissues ex vivo
- to stimulate Ex vivo natural killer(NK) cells and hepatic B cells
- to induce arthritis in a standard rabbit model
