palivizumab

Product Namepalivizumab
CAS188039-54-5
MF
MW0
EINECS
MOL FileMol File

Chemical Properties

storage temp.	Store at -20°C
form	Liquid
color	Colorless to light yellow

Safety Information

Hazardous Substances Data

188039-54-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage And Synthesis

Uses

Palivizumab (MEDI 493) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Palivizumab can bind to RSV F protein with a Kd value of 1.4 nM. Palivizumab can prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton mice[1].

Indications

Palivizumab (Synagis) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the highly conserved A antigenic site of the F protein on the surface of RSV. It contains 95% human and 5% murine antibody sequences and tends to have little immunogenicity in humans. Palivizumab is composed of the human framework region of the IgG-1κ-chain joined to the antigen-binding regions of a mouse monoclonal antibody. Palivizumab neutralizes RSV and inhibits its ability to fuse with host cell membranes. Resistant strains of RSV have been derived in vitro but have not been found in clinical isolates to date.

Clinical Use

Palivizumab is used to prevent serious lower respiratory tract infection due to RSV. It is used only in high-risk children who are younger than 24 months of age and have bronchopulmonary dysplasia or chronic lung disease that required treatment in the previous 6 months. It is also indicated for premature infants (less than 32 weeks’ gestation) until the age of 6 to 12 months. Palivizumab can reduce the incidence of RSV-related hospitalization by approximately half.The safety and efficacy of palivizumab in the treatment of RSV disease have not been established.

Side effects

Serious adverse reactions caused by palivizumab are rare.Mild erythema and pain may occur at the injection site.Although no anaphylactoid reactions have been reported to date, the possibility of this reaction exists because palivizumab is a protein.

in vivo

Palivizumab (0.625-5 mg/kg (i.m.) or 0.312-10 mg/kg (i.v.); single dose) can prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton mice^[1]. Palivizumab (0.05 mg/kg; single dose; intranasally administered)can prevent RSV infection in mice^[2]. Palivizumab (15 mg/kg; single dose; s.c.) can inhibit RSV induced airway neurogenic inflammation in rats^[3].

Animal Model:	The cotton rat model of RSV infection^[1].
Dosage:	0.625-5 mg/kg (i.m.) or 0.312-10 mg/kg (i.v.)
Administration:	Intramuscular injection (i.m.) or intravenous injection (i.v.); single dose
Result:	Reduced virus replication and did not cause RSV infection or pathological increase in both initial and secondary attacks.

Animal Model:	BALB/c mice^[2].
Dosage:	0.05 mg/kg
Administration:	Intranasally administered; single dose
Result:	Reduced the RSV load.

Animal Model:	Capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in the airways of rats^[3].
Dosage:	15 mg/kg
Administration:	Subcutaneous injection (s.c.); single dose
Result:	Reduced neurogenic extravasation and neurogenic inflammation.

References

[1] Johnson S, et al. Development of a humanized monoclonal antibody (MEDI-493) with potent in vitro and in vivo activity against respiratory syncytial virus. J Infect Dis. 1997 Nov;176(5):1215-24. DOI:10.1086/514115
[2] Jacobino SR, et al. Reformatting palivizumab and motavizumab from IgG to human IgA impairs their efficacy against RSV infection in vitro and in vivo. MAbs. 2018 Apr;10(3):453-462. DOI:10.1080/19420862.2018.1433974
[3] Piedimonte G, et al. A humanized monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (palivizumab) inhibits RSV-induced neurogenic-mediated inflammation in rat airways. Pediatr Res. 2000 Mar;47(3):351-6. DOI:10.1203/00006450-200003000-00011

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