Organic Chemistry

Ophthalmic drugs currently used in the outpatient include antibiotics (antibacterial agents), steroids, glaucoma, cataracts, artificial tears and anti-allergic drugs and so on. As the ophthalmic drugs are directly used in the eye surface to effect, so the efficacy is of course direct and fast. Most people will not have a special reaction, but for the people sensitive to the drugs, a drop of eye drops may cause allergies, increased intraocular pressure, asthma, irregular heartbeat and systemic side effects, so the use of eye drops should be very cautious.

Visual organs is one of the important organs of the body, and the treatment of eye disease should have a overall concept. Systemic disease or localized lesions far away from eyes are likely factors to cause eye disease; similarly, the treatment of eye diseases may also affect the whole body condition.

Due to the presence of blood-ocular barriers, including blood-water barrier, blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and other special tissue anatomical structures, effective drug treatment for most eye diseases is the local drug delivery. Therefore, a considerable understanding of the local pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ophthalmic drugs is indispensable in addition to the strict control of indications for the rational drug use.

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