D-Arabinose 5-phosphate (D-Ara-5P) is used as a substrate to identify, differentiate and characterize enzymes such as D-arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase (KdsD) and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthase(s) which are involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis.