Sanggenone C is a flavonoid that has been found in mulberry bark and has diverse biological activities. It inhibits TNF-α- or IL-1β-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to human synovial cells (HSCs; IC50s = 27.29 and 54.43 nM, respectively), as well as inhibits NF-κB activation in HSCs. Sanggenone C induces apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT-29 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 μM. It decreases cell viability of HT-29 cells in vitro and reduces tumor growth in an HT-29 mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Sanggenone C increases vertebrate column bone mineralization in a zebrafish model of prednisone-induced osteoporosis. It also attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and reduces activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) in a mouse model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
