Isoverbascoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside that has been found in C. trichotomum and has diverse biological activities. It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; ) radicals in a cell-free assay and inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation in V79-4 cells when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml. Isoverbascoside (7.5-30 μM) induces apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in, and reduces viability of, OVCAR-3 cells. It inhibits tumor growth in an OVCAR-3 mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Isoverbascoside (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) decreases brain amyloid deposition and increases exploratory behavior in rats when infused into the cerebral ventricles with amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ42; ). It also decreases xylene-induced ear edema in mice and increases survival in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxic shock.
