GSK-3β Inhibitor XII, TWS119 is a cell-permeable pyrrolopyrimidine compound that has been shown to act as a potent inhibitor of GSK-3β (IC50 = 30 nM). In addition, GSK-3β Inhibitor XII, TWS119 is thought to bind GSK-3β with high-affinity (Kd = 126 nM) and increases the level of β-catenin, a downstream substrate of GSK-3β in the Wnt signaling pathway. This activity has been shown to selectively induce neuronal differentiation in both embryonic stem cells (D3; 50-60% at 400 nM) and pluripotent murine embryonal carcinoma cells (P19; 30-40% at 1μM). As result of GSK-3β Inhibitor XII, TWS119 T cell-specific killing and IFN-g release are reduced via preservation of IL-2 production.
