(S)-Duloxetine is a potent inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake (Kis = 4.6 and 15.6 nM, respectively, for rat synaptosomes). It less effectively inhibits dopamine reuptake (Ki = 369 nM). It is effective in cells, tissues, and in vivo. (S)-Duloxetine has applications in many chronic medical conditions, including major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, chronic neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain, and fibromyalgia.