상태

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

  P321：(…) 처치를 하시오.

  P332+P313：피부 자극이 생기면 의학적인 조치· 조언을 구하시오.

  P362：오염된 의복을 벗고 세척 후에 재사용하기

상태 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  white powder

• Clinical Use

  With the possible exception of atorvastatin, the statins are used to lower LDL cholesterol in familial or polygenic ( multifactorial) hypercholesterolemia (type IIa) and in combination with triglyceride-lowering drugs to treat combined hyperlipidemia (type IIb) when both LDL and VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) are elevated. However, the statins probably should not be given with the fibrates (triglyceridelowering drugs, discussed later), since this combination may greatly increase statin toxicity. Atorvastatin, the most potent of the available statins, has also been shown to lower blood triglycerides significantly.
  This effect may be due to decreasing hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester levels to such an extent that hepatic formation of VLDL is impaired.The statins also have been claimed to reduce blood cholesterol levels modestly in some patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, a condition often fatal in childhood or in early adulthood.
  The statins may lower the risk of CHD by decreasing inflammation, an important component of atherogenesis. Lovastatin decreased elevated plasma levels of Creactive protein, a marker for cellular inflammation, and acute coronary events in patients with relatively low plasma cholesterol levels. Recent studies also suggest that use of statins may decrease the risk of stroke, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease and may improve bone density in postmenopausal women. These broad actions may be related to the hypocholesterolemic, antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, or antioxidant properties of the statins or some combination of these properties.

• 부작용

  The statins generally appear to be well tolerated, with muscle pain and liver dysfunction seen in 1 to 2% of patients. However, the consequences of 20 to 30 years of continuous use are unknown. This fact has been dramatically reinforced by the recent recognition of a potentially fatal consequence of statin use. A relatively common side effect of the statins (perhaps 1% of patients) is myositis, that is, inflammation of skeletal muscle accompanied by pain, weakness, and high levels of serum creatine kinase. Rhabdomyolysis, i.e., disintegration of muscle with urinary excretion of myoglobin and kidney damage, was considered to be a rare and extreme toxic outcome. However, cerivastatin (Baycol) has now been withdrawn from the market by its manufacturer (Bayer) because of 31 deaths linked to fatal rhabdomyolysis. The risk of muscle damage is said to increase with simultaneous use of the triglyceride-lowering fibrates. Pravastatin may be less toxic than other statins because it does not readily penetrate extrahepatic cells and may be more confined to the liver after oral dosage.

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