Succinylcholine Chloride

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H301：삼키면 유독함

  H311：피부와 접촉하면 유독함

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

  H332：흡입하면 유해함

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P270：이 제품을 사용할 때에는 먹거나, 마시거나 흡연하지 마시오.

  P271：옥외 또는 환기가 잘 되는 곳에서만 취급하시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P301+P310：삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

  P304+P340：흡입하면 신선한 공기가 있는 곳으로 옮기고 호흡하기 쉬운 자세로 안정을 취하시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

  P312：불편함을 느끼면 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P321：(…) 처치를 하시오.

  P322：특정 조치(라벨의 … 참조)

  P330：입을 씻어내시오.

  P332+P313：피부 자극이 생기면 의학적인 조치· 조언을 구하시오.

  P361：즉시 오염된 의복을 모두 벗을 것

  P362：오염된 의복을 벗고 세척 후에 재사용하기

  P363：다시 사용전 오염된 의류는 세척하시오.

  P405：밀봉하여 저장하시오.

  P501：...에 내용물 / 용기를 폐기 하시오.

Succinylcholine Chloride 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Succinylcholine chloride is a potent relaxant of voluntary striated muscle but has little direct effect on smooth muscle. It has no anesthetic or pain-obliterating properties; therefore, immobilized animals remain completely conscious although unable to move. The duration of effect is quite brief because succinylcholine is rapidly destroyed by non-specific cholinesterases in the blood plasma and liver. Immobilization lasts five to 12 minutes in man and horses and somewhat longer in other species,with ruminants generally requiring longest recovery periods (Stowe et al. 1958).
  Since the discovery of its curariform properties in 1949, succinylcholine has been widely used for immobilization of animals and in human surgical procedures. Several workers have used succinylcholine on bears (Black 1958, Knudsen 1959, Craighead et al. 1960, Troyer et al. 1961,Hornocker 1962, Mundy 1963,Pearson et al. 1968, Jonkel and Cowan 1971 and Mundy and Flook 1973).
  Succinylcholine chloride is indicated as an adjunct to general anesthesia, to facilitate tracheal intubation, and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.

• 화학적 성질

  Succinylcholine chloride is a white, odorless, slightly bitter powder and very soluble in water. The drug is unstable in alkaline solutions but relatively stable in acid solutions, depending upon the concentration of the solution and the storage temperature. Solutions of succinylcholine chloride should be stored under refrigeration to preserve potency.

• 용도

  A neuromuscular blocking agent. Muscle relaxant (skeletal).

• 정의

  ChEBI: A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications.

• World Health Organization (WHO)

  Suxamethonium chloride is a short-acting muscle relaxant. It is used in surgery. Suxamethonium chloride is listed in the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs.

• Biological Functions

  Succinylcholine chloride (Anectine) is the only depolarizing- type blocker that is in widespread clinical use. It produces neuromuscular block by overstimulation, so that the end plate is unable to respond to further stimulation. Structurally, succinylcholine is equivalent to two ACh molecules joined back to back. The resulting 10- carbon atom spacing between the two quaternary ammonium heads is important for activation of the two binding sites on the AChR. Because the succinylcholine molecule is “thin,” binding to the two sites does not sterically occlude the open channel, and cations are allowed to flow and depolarize the end plate.
  Neuromuscular block with succinylcholine occurs by two sequential events. An initial depolarization of the end plate produces muscle action potentials and fasciculation. Maintained depolarization past the threshold for firing produces Na channel inactivation, so that muscle action potentials cannot be generated. This is called phase I, or depolarization block. In the continued presence of succinylcholine, the membrane becomes repolarized, Na channel inactivation is reversed, and muscle membrane excitability is restored. Nonetheless, the neuromuscular block persists because of desensitization of the AChR. This is known as phase II, or desensitization block.
  Although the mechanism for phase II block is not completely understood, a series of allosteric transitions in the AChR is suspected. One model to describe this has the AChR in equilibrium among four conformations: resting, active, inactive, and desensitized. Agonists stabilize the active and desensitized states, whereas antagonists tend to stabilize the resting and possibly the desensitized state.

• 일반 설명

  Succinylcholine chloride,choline chloride succinate (2:1) (Anectine, Sucostrin),is a white, odorless, crystalline substance that is freely solublein water to give solutions with a pH of about 4. It isstable in acidic solutions but unstable in alkali. Aqueous solutionsshould be refrigerated to ensure stability.
  Succinylcholine chloride is characterized by a very shortduration of action and a quick recovery because of its rapidhydrolysis after injection. It brings about the typical muscularparalysis caused by blocking nervous transmission at themyoneural junction. Large doses may cause temporary respiratorydepression, as with similar agents. Its action, in contrastwith that of (1)-tubocurarine, is not antagonized byneostigmine, physostigmine, or edrophonium chloride.These anticholinesterase drugs actually prolong the action ofsuccinylcholine chloride, which suggests that the drug isprobably hydrolyzed by cholinesterases. The brief durationof action of this curare-like agent is said to render an antidoteunnecessary if the proper supportive measures are available.Succinylcholine chloride has a disadvantage, however, inthat the usual antidotes cannot terminate its action promptly.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Water soluble.

• 화재위험

  Flash point data for SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE are not available. SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE is probably combustible.

• Clinical Use

  Succinylcholine Chloride is used as a muscle relaxant for the same indications asother curare agents. It may be used for either short or longperiods of relaxation, depending on whether one or severalinjections are given. In addition, it is suitable for continuousintravenous drip administration.
  Succinylcholine chloride should not be used withthiopental sodium because of the high alkalinity of the latter.If used together, they should be administered immediatelyafter mixing; however, separate injection is preferable.

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