Articaine hydrochloride

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

Articaine hydrochloride 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Articaine hydrochloride is a thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to mepivacaine. Most local anesthetics act by abolishing voltage-gated sodium channel currents indiscriminately in all populations of neurons. Articaine is an amide local anesthetic most commonly used in dentistry. It possesses a unique ester side chain that is metabolized rapidly by circulating esterases. Articaine is reported to modify cardiac action potentials and ion currents only at concentrations higher than the therapeutic range needed to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels.

• 화학적 성질

  White or almost white, crystalline powder.

• 용도

  Articaine hydrochloride, belonging to the group of amide anesthetics, is a local anesthetic with a short duration of action. It is utilized for regional anesthesia in day-case surgeries such as arthroscopy, hand and foot surgery, and dentistry.

• 색상 색인 번호

  This local amide-type anesthetic is seldom reported as allergenic even in patients sensitized to other amidetype molecules like lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine, or bupivacaine.

• Biochem/physiol Actions

  Articaine hydrochloride helps to alleviate pain and blocks transmission of the pain signal. Articaine is an amide local anesthetic widely used in dentistry. Articaine acts by inhibition of nerve impulse conduction by blockade of sodium channels.

• 신진 대사

  Articaine is the only amide local anesthetic containing a thiophene aromatic ring rather than benzene. Because articaine hydrochloride is the only widely used amide local anesthetic that also contains an ester group, biotransformation of articaine hydrochloride occurs in both plasma (hydrolysis by plasma esterase—similarly to other ester local anesthetics) and liver (hepatic microsomal enzymes—similarly to other amide local anesthetics). The metabolism of articaine hydrochloride is initiated by hydrolysis of the carboxylic acid ester groups to obtain free carboxylic acid. Its primary metabolite, articainic acid, is pharmacologically inactive, undergoing additional biotransformation to form articainic acid glucuronide. Additional metabolites have been detected in animal studies. From this point, the reaction can follow several pathways: cleavage of carboxylic acid, formation of an acid amino group by internal cyclization, and oxidation.

• Mode of action

  Articaine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of articaine, an amide-type local anesthetic. Its mechanism of action involves reversible blockage of nerve impulse conduction through binding to specific sodium ion channels on the membrane, thereby interfering with the electrical excitation in the nerve, slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and reducing the rate of action potential rise. This results in a loss of sensation at the site of injection. Articaine hydrochloride is used for relief of pain in minor operations, usually in combination with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine.

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