Trigonelline

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H302：삼키면 유해함

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

  H335：호흡 자극성을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

Trigonelline 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Trigonelline is a bitter alkaloid in coffee which serves to produce important aroma compounds. In terms of concentration trigonelline is higher for arabica than robusta and ranges from about 0.6-1.3% and 0.3-0.9%, respectively.
  Trigonelline, the N-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate, is, after caffeine, the second most important alkaloid of coffee, with about 1% of the green bean. During leaf development, it is synthesized in the leaves and in the fruits' pericarp and accumulated in the seeds. The direct precursors are nicotinic acid and nicotine amide, deriving from the pyridine nucleotide cycle.
  Trigonelline is a plant hormone that has diverse regulatory functions with respect to plant cell cycle regulation, nodulation, and oxidative stress, and in helping survival and growth of the plant. It is found in significant quantity in many plants like coffee beans and fenugreek seed. Because it was first isolated from the fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum), the name assigned to it has been “trigonelline.” The chemical formula for trigonelline is C7H7NO2. It is a methylation product of niacin (vitamin B3), and thus is also known as “methylated niacin.” At higher temperatures, trigonelline breaks down to niacin. In addition to trigonelline, fenugreek seeds contain other alkaloids such as gentianine and carpaine.

• 화학적 성질

  White solid

• 출처

  Trigonelline (TRG) is a plant alkaloid mainly obtained from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds. Apart from this, it is also reported to be present in other plant species such as tree onion or Allium cepa, Coffea sp., pea or Pisum sativum, Soybean or Glycine max, and tomato or Lycopersicon esculentum.

• 용도

  antihyperglycemic.
  Trigonelline is an inhibitor which, like abscicic acid, accumulates in plant cells when the plant becomes dormant or is exposed to stress. This natural inhibitor is chemically related to glycine betaine. It has been found in dormant winter buds of Populus trichocarpa * deltoides trees in the field as well as in salt-stressed micropropagules thereof. Some trigonelline also occurred in non-stressed micropropagules, probably as the result of bioconversion of niacin taken up from the nutrient medium (Bray et al. 1988). Trigonelline preferentially promotes arrest in G2 of the cell cycle and appears to have a growth controlling function during seed germination (Evans and Tramontano 1981).

• 정의

  ChEBI: An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.

• Biosynthesis

  Trigonelline is synthesized by the methylation of nicotinic acid. This reaction is catalyzed by Sadenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) dependent nicotinate N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.7), which is found in crude extracts of the pea. This enzyme has now been purified from heterotrophic cultured cells and leaves of Glycine max. The Km values for nicotinate and SAM were 78 μM and 55 μM, respectively in the enzyme derived from cultured cells, and 12.5 μM and 31 μM in leaves. The optimum pH of the cultured cell enzyme is alkaline (8.0), but that of the leaf enzyme is acidic (6.5). The gene encoding trigonelline synthase has not yet been cloned from any organism.

• Purification Methods

  Crystallise trigonelline (as monohydrate) from aqueous EtOH, then dry it at 100o. It also crystallises from H2O as the monohydrate with m 230-233o(dec). It has been crystallised from EtOH with m 214-215o(dec). The picrate crystallises from EtOH with m 204-206o. [Green & Tong J Am Chem Soc 78 4896 1956, Kosower & Patton J Org Chem 26 1319 1961, Beilstein 22 III/IV 462, 22/2 V 143.]

• 참고 문헌

  Jahns., Ber., 18,2518 (1885)
  Thoms., ibid, 31,271,404 (1891)
  Schultz, Frankfurt., ibid, 27,709 (1894)
  Gorter., Annalen, 372,237 (1910)
  Schultz, Trier., Zeit. physiol. Chem., 76,258 (1912)
  Holtz, Kutscher, Theilmann., Zeit. Bioi., 8, 57 (1924)
  Rimington., Onderstepoort J., 5, 81 (1935)
  Pharmacology :
  Ackermann., Zeit. Bioi., 59, 17 (1912)
  Volmer, Furst., Bull. Acad. Med., 122,241 (1939)

Trigonelline 준비 용품 및 원자재

Trigonelline 공급 업체

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