사이클로사린

사이클로사린 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Cyclosarin was the fourth of the G-series of nerve agents to be described following the development of tabun (GA), the first G-agent to be discovered in 1938. Cyclosarin was given the designation GF, reflective of the order in which it was discovered.
  As with the other G-agents, after learning of its properties the German Ministry of Defense began studying cyclosarin along with the United States and United Kingdom following World War II. Cyclosarin, unlike other G-agents, was not selected for mass production by any nations at that time possibly due to the cost of reagents required for cyclosarin production. After the Gulf War, it was discovered that Iraq had stockpiled G-agents including cyclosarin. Rockets containing both sarin and cyclosarin were found and destroyed by the US forces at the Khamisiyah weapons depot resulting in exposure to these two agents. One possible reason why Iraq stockpiled cyclosarin despite the fact that no other nation had done so, is that the precursor chemicals for sarin production, but not cyclosarin were embargoed making it a more desirable selection. Additionally, cyclosarin is the most persistent of the G-agents potentially making it a greater threat.
  In 1997, the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) was enacted that banned the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons (including cyclosarin) and called for the destruction of existing chemical weapons stockpiles. The CWC is administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, of which nearly all world nations are a part.

• 화학적 성질

  Cyclosarin (GF) is a liquid nerve agent/organ- ophosphate containing fluoride. GF is a colorless liquid. The odor is variously described as nondescript, sweet, fruit- like. Odor threshold is about 12 milligram per cubic meter.

• 용도

  Cyclosarin is a synthetic organophosphate (OP) compound used in chemical warfare and terrorism.

• 정의

  A highly toxic colourlessliquid, C₇H₁₄FO₂P; r.d. 1.13; m.p.–30°C; b.p. 239°C. it is a fluorinatedorganophosphorus compound,(fluoromethylphosphoryl)oxycyclohexane.Cyclosarin was discovered in1949 and belongs to the G-series ofnerve agents (GF).

• 일반 설명

  Colorless liquid, odorless to fruity.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Likely hydrolyzed by water, rapidly hydrolyzed by dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide.

• 반응 프로필

  Acidic conditions produce hydrogen fluoride; alkaline conditions produce isopropyl alcohol and polymers. When heated to decomposition or reacted with steam, cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate emits very toxic fumes of fluorides and oxides of phosphorus. Slightly corrosive to steel. Hydrolyzed by water.

• 건강위험

  Median lethal dose (mg-min/m3): 2500 by skin (vapor) or 350 (liquid); 35 inhaled. Median incapacitating dose: 25 inhaled. Eye/skin toxicity: Very high. Rate of action: Very rapid. Physiological action: Cessation of breath-death may follow. Detoxification rate: Low. (ANSER)

• 잠재적 노출

  A quick-acting and lethal cholinester- ase inhibitor and casualty agent. Females appear to be more susceptible to nerve agent effects. Small percentages of general population have genetic traits that may increase susceptibility.

• 운송 방법

  UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

• 비 호환성

  Fairly stable. Cyclo-sarin (GF) is hydro- lyzed by water; rapidly hydrolyzed in the presence of heat and alkalies; by dilute solution of aqueous sodium hydrox- ide. Contact with alkaline conditions produce isopropyl alcohol and polymer substances. Contact with acid condi- tions produce HF; alkaline conditions produce isopropyl alcohol and polymers. Reasonably stable when stored in steel at normal temperatures; slightly corrosive to steel when heated.

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