アポモルフィン

アポモルフィン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  C17H17NO2(267.33)．アポモルフィン，モルヒネを塩酸または硫酸で脱水すると得られるアポルフィン形化合物．アポモルヒネ自身は，天然物ではないが，この骨格を有する数多くの天然アルカロイドの一群を形成している． 無色の柱状晶．分解点195 ℃．pKa1 7.0，pKa2 8.92．λmax 336，399 nm(エタノール)，空気中ですみやかに酸化されて緑色に呈色する．エタノール，アセトン，クロロホルムに可溶，水，ベンゼン，エーテル，石油エーテルに難溶．催吐作用を有し，催吐剤，去痰剤として用いられる．LD50 80 mg/kg(イヌ，静脈内)．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

• 用途

  モルヒネから水1分子を除いて合成される薬品。モルヒネのような鎮痛作用はほとんどなく，催吐作用が非常に強い。普通体重 1kgあたり 0.1mgの皮下注射で嘔吐を起すので，毒物を飲んだ人の胃内容を吐き出させるのに使用される。注射薬としては，アポモルフィン塩酸塩の形で水溶性となっており，皮下注射後2～3分で嘔吐が起る。

• 効能

  パーキンソン病治療薬, 催吐薬, 勃起不全治療薬, ドパミン受容体作動薬

• 化学的特性

  Alkaloid; white crystalline mass; turns green on exposure; weakly soluble in water.

• 使用

  To treat acute poisoning; in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism; a weak sensitizer and a powerful emetic.

• 定義

  A derivative of mor- phine that is a dopamine D2 agonist.

• 適応症

  Apomorphine (Uprima) is a short-acting central and peripheral dopamine receptor agonist that can elicit male sexual responses. Dopamine appears to have an important role in normal erectile function. Apomorphine is a D₁-like,D₂-like dopamine receptor agonist.Apomorphine is not a new drug, and it has been used with limited success in ameliorating the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and to induce emesis. It is not orally active except for a special buccal formulation, but it can be given parenterally, usually subcutaneously. Apomorphine is rapidly cleared from the kidney because of its high lipid solubility, its large volume of distribution, and its rapid metabolism.

• 危険性

  Poison; central nervous system effects.

• 臨床応用

  Aside from sildenafil, apomorphine is one of the few orally active (buccal route) pharmacological agents used in the treatment of ED. Apomorphine stimulates penile erection in both normal men and in men who are impotent. Apomorphine can be the drug of choice in patients with coexisting benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), coronary artery disease, and hypertension.

• 副作用

  When formulated into a controlled release sublingual capsule, apomorphine becomes a very effective orally active drug representative of a new class of centrally acting drugs useful in the treatment of ED. It has a narrow range (2 to 6 mg) of effective doses for its erectogenic actions, with the higher doses being more effective in inducing erections.Apomorphine can cause nausea, emesis, drowsiness, and dizziness.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Poison by ingestion,subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes.Experimental reproductive effects. Central nervous systemeffects. A powerful emetic. A weak sensitizer and maycause contact dermatitis. When heated to decomposition itemits hig

• 純化方法

  Crystallise R-apomorphine from CHCl3 and a little pet ether, also from Et2O with 1 mol of Et2O which it loses at 100o. It sublimes in a high vacuum. It is white but turns green in moist air or in alkaline solution. UV: max 336, 399 (98% EtOH). The di-O-methylether is an oil b 175o/high vacuum, whose picrate crystallises from MeOH and has m 140o (dec). The di-O-acetate crystallises from EtOAc/pet ether with m 127-128o, [] D -88o (c 1, 0.1 N HCl). The di-O-benzoyl derivative has m 156-158o (from EtOH) and []D +43.44o (c 3.3, CHCl3). [Pachorr et al. Chem Ber 35 4377 1902, Beilstein 21 H 246.] NARCOTIC.

アポモルフィン 上流と下流の製品情報

58-00-4, アポモルフィン キーワード