チログロブリン ウシ甲状腺由来

チログロブリン ウシ甲状腺由来 価格

チログロブリン ウシ甲状腺由来 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 性質

  二量体．チロキシン，トリヨードチロニン残基を含み，分解で甲状腺ホルモンを生成

• 解説

  甲状腺に存在するヨウ素結合タンパク質．糖タンパク質で，ヨウ素の含有量は0.5～1.0 ％，分子量は約650000．チロキシン(甲状腺ホルモン)の前駆体として甲状腺の濾胞中に存在する．

• 説明

  Thyroglobulin is of special importance, because it serves as the matrix for the synthesis of T4 and T3 and as the storage form of the hormones and iodide. Thyroglobulin, a large glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 660,000 Da, accounts for about one-third of the weight of the thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin carries an average of 6 tyrosyl residues as monoiodo-L-tyrosine, 5 residues as diiodo-L-tyrosine, 0.3 residues as T3, and 1 residue as T4. From these values, it can be estimated that a 20 g thyroid stores roughly 10 μmol (7.8 mg) of T4 and 3 μmol (2.0 mg) of T3 and that the normal human thyroid gland contains enough potential T4 to maintain a euthyroid state for 2 months without new synthesis.
  The synthesis of the thyroid hormones, T3 and T4, is regulated by thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]), which stimulates the synthesis of thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase (TPO), and hydrogen peroxide. The formation of the thyroid hormones depends on an exogenous supply of iodide. The thyroid gland is unique in that it is the only tissue of the body able to accumulate iodine in large quantities and incorporate it into hormones. Approximately 25% of the body's supply of iodide is located in the thyroid gland. The iodine atoms play a unique role in the conformational preferences for T3 and T4 because of their large steric bulkiness. The metabolism of iodine is so closely related to thyroid function that the two must be considered together. The formation of thyroid hormones involves the following complex sequence of events: 1) active uptake of iodide by the follicular cells, 2) oxidation of iodide and formation of iodotyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin, 3) formation of iodothyronines from iodotyrosines, 4) proteolysis of thyroglobulin and release of T4 and T3 into blood, and 5) conversion of T4 to T3.

• 天然物の起源

  甲状腺，ヒト：20～2768, ウシ：20～2769, ラット：21～2766

• 使用

  Proloid (Parke-Davis).

• 生物学の機能

  Thyroid hormones regulate the turnover of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. They promote glucose absorption, hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, hepatic glycogenolysis, and glucose utilization in muscle and adipose tissue. They increase de novo cholesterol synthesis but increase low-density lipoprotein degradation and cholesterol disposal even more, leading to a net decrease in total and in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma levels. Thyroid hormones are anabolic when present at normal concentrations; they then stimulate the expression of many key enzymes of metabolism.

• 一般的な説明

  Thyroglobulin, a glycoprotein, is composed of several peptidechains; it also contains 0.5% to 1% iodine and 8% to10% carbohydrate in the form of two types of polysaccharide.The formation of thyroglobulin is regulated by TSH.Thyroglobulin has no hormonal properties. It must be hydrolyzedto release the hormonal iodothyronines thyroxineand liothyronine.

• 作用機序

  The two most important actions of thyroid hormone are those related to oxygen consumption and those related to protein synthesis. Most effects of thyroid hormones can be related to the activation of genes following the binding of the hormone to high-affinity receptors of cell nuclei, but direct interactions of thyroid hormones with other cellular receptors cannot be excluded.

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