よう素(V)ペンタフルオリド

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H271：火災または爆発のおそれ；強酸化性物質

  H301：飲み込むと有毒

  H311：皮膚に接触すると有毒

  H314：重篤な皮膚の薬傷?眼の損傷

  H330：吸入すると生命に危険

• 注意書き

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P220：衣類/．．．/可燃物から遠ざけること。

  P221：可燃物と混合を回避するために予防策をとること。

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P270：この製品を使用する時に、飲食または喫煙をしないこ と。

  P271：屋外または換気の良い場所でのみ使用すること。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P283：防火服/防炎服/耐火服を着用すること。

  P284：呼吸用保護具を着用すること。

  P301+P310：飲み込んだ場合：直ちに医師に連絡すること。

  P301+P330+P331：飲み込んだ場合：口をすすぐこと。無理に吐かせ ないこと。

  P302+P352：皮膚に付着した場合：多量の水と石鹸で洗うこと。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

  P304+P340：吸入した場合：空気の新鮮な場所に移し、呼吸しやすい 姿勢で休息させること。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P306+P360：衣類にかかった場合：服を脱ぐ前に、直ちに汚染された 衣類及び皮膚を多量の水で洗うこと。

  P310：ただちに医師に連絡すること。

  P312：気分が悪い時は医師に連絡すること。

  P320：特別な治療が緊急に必要である（このラベ ルの．．．を見よ）。

  P321：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P322：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P330：口をすすぐこと。

  P361：汚染された衣類をすべて脱ぐこと。

  P363：汚染された衣類を再使用す場合には洗濯をすること。

  P370+P378：火災の場合：消火に．．．を使用すること。

  P371+P380+P375：大火災の場合で大量にある場合：区域より退避さ せ、爆発の危険性に応じ、離れた距離から消火する こと。

  P403+P233：換気の良い場所で保管すること。容器を密閉 しておくこと。

  P405：施錠して保管すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

よう素(V)ペンタフルオリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  フッ化ヨウ素【Ⅰ】五フッ化ヨウ素(iodine pentafluoride)：IF5(221.90)．フッ化ヨウ素(Ⅴ)ともいう．固体のヨウ素と気体のフッ素との反応や，AgFと I2 との反応，HIと F2 との反応などにより得られる．気体分子は，5個のF原子が正方すい型に配置し，I原子は底面中心に位置する．I-F約1.87 Å(底面)，1.84 Å(頂点)．室温では無色の液体．融点9.43 ℃，沸点101 ℃．反応性が大きく，多くの金属・非金属とただちに反応してフッ化物をつくる．水とはげしく反応して，I2O5とHFになる．ガラスを侵す(とくに高温ではいちじるしい)．多くの有機化合物とはげしく反応する．フッ素化剤に用いられる．

• 化学的特性

  iodine pentafluoride (IF5) is a colorless to pale yellow fuming liquid with a pungent odor. The highly reactive IF5 (melting point 9.4 °C) is distillable at 100.5 °C without any decomposition. Decomposition commences at temperatures above 400 °C. IF5 is not as popular as p-TolIF2 because F2 gas is used in its preparation and it decomposes in air by moisture emitting corrosive HF.
  Iodine pentafluoride has good thermal stability and is the most stable halogen compound. The reactivity of IF5 is much weaker than that of other halogen compounds, and it does not interact with silicon, magnesium, copper, iron, and chromium at room temperature, and only interacts with molybdenum, tungsten, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, boron, etc. The corresponding fluorides are generated, such as:
  2 IF5 + 2 Sb → 2 SbF5 + I2
  6 IF5 + 10 B → 10 BF3 + 15 I2
  It is the least reactive of the halogen fluorides and classified as a soft fluorinating reagent. It is used as a mildest, selective fluorinating reagent in the fluorination of organic molecules.

• 物理的性質

  Black crystalline solid; exists in two modifications: stable black needlesknown as alpha form that produces ruby-red color in transmitted light, and alabile, metastable beta modification consisting of black platelets which appearbrownish-red in transmitted light; density of alpha form 3.86 g/cm³at 0°C;density of beta form 3.66 g/cm³at 0°C; alpha form melts at 27.3°C, vapor pressure being 28 torr at 25°C; beta form melts at 13.9°C; liquid iodine monochloride has bromine-like reddishbrown color; liquid density 3.10 g/mL at 29°C;viscosity 1.21 centipoise at 35°C; decomposes around 100°C; supercools belowits melting point; polar solvent; as a liquid it dissolves iodine, ammoniumchloride and alkali metal chlorides; liquid ICl also miscible with carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid and bromine; the solid crystals dissolve in ethanol, ether,acetic acid and carbon disulfide; solid ICl also dissolves in conc. HCl butdecomposes in water or dilute HCl.

• 使用

  Iodine pentafluoride is a fluorinating agent and strong oxidant, which plays an important role in organic synthesis. It can be used to prepare pentafluoroiodoethane:
  5 CF2=CF2 + IF5 + 2 I2 → 5 C2F5I
  In addition, iodine pentafluoride can also react with isothiocyanato to generate fluorinated hydrocarbon derivatives, and to synthesize other fluorine-containing compounds.
  Iodine pentafluoride (IF5) is rarely used to fluoride common organic compounds due to the difficulty in controlling their reactivity.

• 製造方法

  Iodine pentafluoride(IF5) is produced by the action of elemental fluorine on iodine which has a low melting point. The reaction is performed either in solvent or heating iodine to maintain its liquid state. In a commercial preparation about one percent iodine is dissolved in IF5 and brought into fluorination chamber where iodine reacts with fluorine and produces more IF5 which is returned to the receiving vessel. Only a small portion of IF5 is withdrawn from the receiving vessel as product, while the major portion of IF5 is used for dissolving more iodine. This process goes on and on until all iodine is converted into IF5.
  In another industrial process, iodine is heated above its melting point (113℃) and reacted with elemental fluorine under three atmosphere of pressure. A precaution is taken not to heat iodine above 150℃ to avoid the formation of another product, IF7. Fluorine is added continuously until all iodine has reacted and converted to IF5.

• 一般的な説明

  Iodine pentafluoride appears as a toxic colorless fuming liquid (m.p. 9° C). Decomposed by water to iodine and hydrofluoric acid. Contact with organic materials may cause their ignition. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Prolonged exposure of the container to fire or heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations may result in adverse health effects.

• 空気と水の反応

  Fumes in air. Reaction with water or water-containing materials is violent, [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:176, 1956].

• 反応プロフィール

  A powerful oxidizer. Attack glass. Reacts violently with water or strong bases (potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide). Pentalfluoroiodide chars and usually ignites organic matter. Contact with boron, silicon, red phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, molybdenum and tungsten causes incandescence. Contact with potassium or sodium leads to explosions. Causes aluminum (foil, powder) to ignite. Explosive reactions with tetraiodoethylene, diethylaminotrimethylsilane. Violent reactions wilh benzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetraiodoethylene [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1434]. IF5 reacts explosively with diethylaminotrimethylsilane even at low temperature. (Oates, G. et al., J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1974, 1383).

• 健康ハザード

  Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, corrosive to skin and mucous membranes. Iodinepentafluoride is highly corrosive. Contactwith the skin can cause severe burns. Thevapors are highly irritating to the skin, eyes,and mucous membranes.

• 火災危険

  Dangerous fire risk, May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). React vigorously and/or explosively with water. Produce toxic and/or corrosive substances on contact with water. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars. Some may produce flammable hydrogen gas upon contact with metals. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

• 純化方法

  The iodine pentafluoride was purified by trap-to-trap distillation over preheated sodium fluoride in order to remove hydrogen fluoride. The iodine pentafluoride was then transferred by vacuum distillation to a vessel containing a dry mercury metal. The mixture was shaken mechanically for 5 minutes at room temperature to remove iodine. Once the mercury metal treatement was finished, iodine pentafluoride was stored over sodium fluoride in a sealed Pyrex glass vessel cooled to -196 °C . The purified iodine pentafluoride was colourless.

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