トリクロロニトロメタン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H302：飲み込むと有害

  H315：皮膚刺激

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H330：吸入すると生命に危険

  H335：呼吸器への刺激のおそれ

• 注意書き

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P284：呼吸用保護具を着用すること。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P310：ただちに医師に連絡すること。

トリクロロニトロメタン 価格

MSDS Information

• Trichloronitromethane

トリクロロニトロメタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  クロロピクリン．一般には，ニトロメタンにさらし粉を作用させると得られるが，クロラールのような有機ハロゲン化合物に硝酸を反応させても得られる．また，水とアルカリの存在下でピクリン酸に塩素を作用させる方法もある．無色の油状液体．沸点112 ℃．エタノール，二硫化炭素，エーテルに可溶．水，鉱酸に安定である．不純物は特異な臭気がある．殺虫殺菌剤などに用いることができる．皮膚，粘膜，呼吸器官などをおかし，呼吸困難から致命症になることもある．LD50 250 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．

• 用途

  農薬(殺虫殺菌剤)

• 説明

  Chloropicrin is a colorless to faint-yellow oily liquid with an intensely irritating and sharp odor with characteristics of tear gas. Some common trade names of products containing chloropicrin include Dolochlor, Aquinite, Nemax, Pic-Chlor, Timberfume, Profume A, Tri-Clor, and Microlysin. It has a molecular weight of 164.38, water solubility of 2000 mg l
  1 at 25°C, and melting and boiling points of
  64 and 112°C, respectively. Chloropicrin is nonflammable and has a vapor density of 5.7 compared to the vapor density of one assigned to air. Heating above 234 F results in explosive decomposition of chloropicrin, leading to the release of toxic gases, including nitrogen oxides, phosgene, nitrosyl chloride, chlorine, and carbon monoxide. Chloropicrin is a widely used fungicide that is primarily used for preplant soil fumigation. Chloropicrin is used to fumigate stored grain and to treat soil against fungi, insects, and nematodes either as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with other fumigants like methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride for enhanced potency. Chloropicrin is also used to prevent internal decay of wood poles and timber caused by fungi and insects.

• 化学的特性

  oily colourless liquid

• 物理的性質

  Colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid with a sharp, penetrating odor. Odor threshold concentration is 0.78 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983).

• 使用

  Chloropicrin (PS), nitrotrichloromethane, trichloronitromethane, nitrochloroform, is a slightly oily, colorless, pale to transparent liquid that is nearly stable. It is nonflammable, with a boiling point of approximately 235°F (112°C) and slight water solubility. The vapor density is 5.7, which is heavier than air.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union.

• 毒性

  有機ニトロ化合物に塩素を作用させて得る揮発しやすい無色油状液体である。酸化性、腐食性があり、皮膚、粘膜を刺激する有毒物質であるが、その毒性と揮発性を利用して、穀物、果実、種子、土壌などの燻蒸(くんじょう)、殺虫・殺菌剤に使われる。人間に対しては、大気中濃度19ミリグラム／立方メートルで催涙性を示し、2グラム／立方メートルで致命的となる。催涙窒息性の毒ガスに使われたことがあり、アメリカではPS、フランスではAquinite、ドイツではKlopとよばれることがある。

• 一般的な説明

  Chloropicrin mixture is a variable colored liquid usually colorless to yellow. Chloropicrin is noncombustible and the flammability of the mixture will depend on the other component of the mixture. Chloropicrin vapors are heavier than air and Trichloronitromethane is toxic by inhalation.

• 空気と水の反応

  Slowly decomposes in water.

• 反応プロフィール

  CHLOROPICRIN is a powerful irritant affecting all body surfaces, more toxic then chlorine. Trichloronitromethane can be shocked into detonation. When heated to decomposition, Trichloronitromethane emits highly toxic fumes of chlorine gas and nitrogen oxides [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 821]. Trichloronitromethane produces a violent reaction with aniline [Jackson, K. E., Chem. Rev., 1934, 14, p. 269] or strong bases in the presence of alcohols (alkoxides) [Ramsey, B. G., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, p. 3059].

• 危険性

  Very toxic by ingestion and inhalation; strong eye irritant; pulmonary edema. Questionable carcinogen.

• 健康ハザード

  Chloropicrin is a strong lachrymator (tear gas) and is severely irritating to eyes, skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, causing nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing and respiratory tract inflammation. Because of its high volatility, the main route of human exposure to chloropicrin is inhalation. Damage to the respiratory tract can lead to pulmonary edema and death. Chloropicrin can be absorbed systemically through inhalation, ingestion and the skin. It is severely irritating to the lungs, eyes and skin, causing potentially fatal tissue damage and edema at higher levels. In the atmosphere, it is rapidly degraded and does not deplete the ozone layer.

• 作用机制

  線虫などにとって必須の酵素に含まれるチオール基やヒドロキシ基などの求核中心と反応することによりその酵素を阻害し，活性を発揮する。

• 农业用途

  Soil fumigant, Nematicide: Not approved for use in EU countries. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) as telone. Chloropicrin is used in the manufacture of the dye-stuff methyl violet and in other organic syntheses. It has been used as a chemical warfare gas. It is used as a preplant soil fumigant in seed beds and transplant nurseries for control of verticillium wilt, nematodes, weed seeds and insects. In grain elevators, it is used to control insects and rodents. The top four uses in California are on strawberries, tomatoes, bell peppers, and outdoor nursery plants.

• 製品名

  BROM-O-GAS®[C]; BROZONE®[C]; CHLOR-O-PIC®; DOWFUME®; FUM-A-CIDE® 15[C]; KLOP®; LARVACIDE®[C]; LARVACIDE 100®; METAPICRIN®; NAMFUME®[C]; NEMAX®; OG25®; PESTMASTER® FUMIGANT 1[C]; PICFUME®; PIC-CHLOR® 16; PICRIDE®; PROFUME A®; PS®; TELONE®; TELONE® C[C]; TERR-O-CIDE® 15[C]; TERR-O-GAS®; TIMBERFUME II®; TRI-CLOR®[C]; TRI-CON®; TRI-FORM®; TRIFUME®[C];

• 職業ばく露

  Chloropicrin is an important insecticide and is used in the manufacture of the dye-stuff methyl violet and in other organic syntheses. It is used as a fumigant insecticide. It is a riot control and tear agent and has been used as a military poison gas. Some forms of tear gas also contain chloropicrin. Since tank trucks, tank cars, and tank vessels carry this throughout the world in large quantities, it is a potential problem.

• 発がん性

  Chloropicrin was genotoxic in bacterial test systems.

• 環境運命予測

  Biological. Four Pseudomonas sp., including Pseudomonas putida (ATCC culture 29607) isolated from soil, degraded chloropicrin by sequential reductive dechlorination. The proposed degradative pathway is chloropicrin → nitrodichloromethane → nitrochloromethane → nitromethane + small amounts of carbon dioxide. In addition, a highly water soluble substance tentatively identified as a peptide was produced by a nonenzymatic mechanism (Castro et al., 1983).
  Photolytic. Photodegrades under simulated atmospheric conditions to phosgene and nitrosyl chloride. Photolysis of nitrosyl chloride yields chlorine and nitrous oxide (Moilanen et al., 1978; Woodrow et al., 1983). When aqueous solution of chloropicrin (10^-3 M) is exposed to artificial UV light (λ <300 nm), protons, carbon dioxide, hydrochloric and nitric acids are formed (Castro and Belser, 1981).
  Chemical/Physical. Releases very toxic fumes of chlorides and nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987). Reacts with alcoholic sodium sulfite solutions and ammonia to give methanetrisulfonic acid and guanidine, respectively (Sittig, 1985).

• 代謝経路

  Although chloropicrin is stable to hydrolytic degradation, it degrades rapidly and extensively in soil and under photolytic conditions. The primary degradation and metabolic pathway in the environment and animal systems involves step-wise dechlorination reactions, followed by fragmentation and mineralisation to yield low molecular weight components and carbon dioxide as terminal residues.

• 輸送方法

  UN1580 Chloropicrin, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.

• 純化方法

  Dry with MgSO4 and fractionally distil. [Beilstein 1 IV 106.] EXTREMELY NEUROTOXIC, u s e appropriate precautions.

• 不和合性

  Chloropicrin decomposes explosively when heated above 112C. It can be dangerously self-reactive; and, may explode when heated under confinement or if shocked. Chloropicrin is stable except when it’s heated to a high temperature; it explosively breaks down, releasing other poison gases including nitrogen oxides, nitrosyl chloride, chlorine, phosgene, and carbon monoxide. Liquid chloropicrin (PS) is unstable with high temperatures or severe shock, particularly when involving containers of greater than 30 gal capacity. Chloropicrin reacts violently with aniline, sodium methoxide, and propargyl bromide; 2-bromopropyne and strong oxidizers. Violent reaction with reducing agents; aniline (especially in presence of heat), alcoholic sodium hydroxide. Quickly elevated temperatures, shock, contact with alkali metals or alkaline earth may cause explosions. It is a strong acid and will react violently with bases and alkali materials. Liquid attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Chloropicrin reacts with iron, zinc, light metals including aluminum, magnesium, and alloys containing these metals. It reacts, sometimes violently, with some types of rubbers and plastics, as well as some chemicals including common sulfuric acid; and bases. Contact with metals may evolve explosive hydrogen gas.

• 廃棄物の処理

  Incineration (816C, 0.5 seconds minimum for primary combustion; 1204C, 1.0 second for secondary combustion) after mixing with other fuel. The formation of elemental chlorine may be prevented by injection of steam or using methane as a fuel in the process. Chloropicrin reacts readily with alcoholic sodium sulfite solutions to produce methanetrisulfonic acid (which is relatively nonvolatile and less harmful). This reaction has been recommended for treating spills and cleaning equipment. Although not specifically suggested as a decontamination procedure, the rapid reaction of chloropicrin with ammonia to produce guanidine (LD50 5 500 mg/kg) could be used for detoxification. The Chemical Manufacturers’ Association has suggested two procedures for disposal of Chloropicrin: (1) Pour or sift over soda ash. Mix and wash slowly into large tank. Neutralize and pass to sewer with excess water. (2) Absorb on vermiculite. Mix and shovel into paper boxes. Drop into incinerator with afterburner and scrubber. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

トリクロロニトロメタン 上流と下流の製品情報

76-06-2, トリクロロニトロメタン キーワード