王水

王水 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  王水,濃塩酸と濃硝酸とを体積比で3：1にまぜたもの．混合液中には，HNO3 ＋ 3HCl ＝ Cl2 ＋ NOCl ＋ 2H2OによってNOClと Cl2 を生じ，強い酸化剤となる．塩酸や硝酸のみでは溶けない金や白金も溶かす．塩酸と硝酸との体積比を1：3とした混合液は逆王水といわれ，黄鉄鉱中の硫黄分を硫酸に酸化する作用がある．王水はあまり安定でないので，使用時に調整する．
  森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

• 酸化作用

  王水の酸化作用は次の反応の平衡が右へ行くことによって生ずる発生期の塩素と塩化ニトロシルの反応性によるものであるとされている。

  

  一般に王水で処理して溶かすと金属イオンはその金属の最高原子価を示すのであって、たとえば、

  

  のようである。

• 応用

  王水は単独の硝酸，塩酸に溶けない金，白金などの貴金属を塩化物として溶解させる。また硫化物鉱石やテルル・セレン鉱物，鉛や銅の合金，種々の金属のヒ化物鉱石，亜鉛合金，ニッケル鉱，フェロタングステンなどの分析試料をよく溶解するので，化学分析における分解剤として重要である。

• 化学的特性

  Aqua regia, also known as nitrohydrochloric acid and chloroazoatic acid, is a fuming,volatile liquid that is made by mixing three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid with one part concentrated nitric acid.It is very corrosive with a suffocating odor and reacts with all metals. Aqua regia typically reacts by oxidizing the metal to a metallicion and reducing the nitric acid to nitric oxide.Its reaction with silver produces silver chloride. Aquaregia dissolves the common metallic oxides and hydroxides, the ignited oxides of tin, aluminum,chromium, and iron, and the higher oxides of lead, cobalt,nickel,and manganese. It is used for testing gold and platinum.

• 使用

  Metallurgy, testing metals, dissolving metals.

• 定義

  A mixture of concentrated nitric acid and three to four parts of hydrochloric acid. It dissolves all metals including gold, hence the name. The mixture contains chlorine and NOCl (nitrosyl chloride).

• 一般的な説明

  A yellow liquid with a pungent odor prepared by mixing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, usually in a ratio of one part of nitric acid to three or four parts of hydrochloric acid. Fumes are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and to tissue. Density 14.7 lb /gal.

• 空気と水の反応

  Fumes in air. Soluble in water with release of heat.

• 反応プロフィール

  Nitrohydrochloric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent and a strong acid. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic hydroxides) to form salts and water. Reacts with most metals, including gold and platinum, to dissolve them with generation of toxic and/or flammable gases. Can initiate polymerization in polymerizable organic compounds. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. Generates flammable and/or toxic gases with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and weak or strong reducing agents. Additional exothermic gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates (CO2).

• 危険性

  A powerful oxidizer, toxic, corrosive liquid.

• 健康ハザード

  TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

• 火災危険

  Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

• 农业用途

  Aqua regia is an extremely effective oxidizing solvent, capable of dissolving metals like gold and platinum. It is made of a mixture of one part concentrated nitric acid and three parts hydrochloric acid.

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