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Ammonium dichromate

Description References

Ammonium dichromate

CAS No.7789-09-5
Chemical Name:Ammonium dichromate
CBNumber:CB9854341
Molecular Formula:Cr2H8N2O7
Formula Weight:252.06
MOL File:7789-09-5.mol

Ammonium dichromate Property

Melting point 170 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density 2.150
vapor density 8.7 (vs air)
solubility H₂O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form Solid
color Orange to red
Odor Odorless
PH Range 3 - 4
PH 3-4 (25°C, 50g/L)
Oxidising Properties The substance or mixture is classified as oxidizing with the subcategory 2
Water Solubility 360 g/L (20 ºC)
Decomposition 170 °C
Merck 14,515
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.0002 mg/m3; STEL 0.0005 mg/m3 (Skin)
OSHA: Ceiling 0.1 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 15 mg/m3; TWA 0.0002 mg/m3
Stability Stability Strong oxidizer - contact with flammable materials may cause fire. Reactions carried out in closed vessels may lead to explosion. Incompatible with organic materials, strong reducing agents.
CAS DataBase Reference 7789-09-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 6
FDA UNII 5J18BP595G
EPA Substance Registry System Ammonium dichromate(VI) (7789-09-5)
UNSPSC Code 12352302
NACRES NB.24

Safety

Hazard Codes :E,T+,N
Risk Statements :45-46-60-61-2-8-21-25-26-34-42/43-48/23-50/53
Safety Statements :53-45-60-61
RIDADR :UN 1439 5.1/PG 2
WGK Germany :3
RTECS :HX7650000
Autoignition Temperature :218°C
TSCA :Yes
HazardClass :5.1
PackingGroup :II
HS Code :28415000
Hazardous Substances Data :7789-09-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity :LDLo scu-gpg: 25 mg/kg EQSSDX 1,1,75

NFPA 704:

	1
2		1
	OX

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal wordDanger
Hazard statements H272-H301-H312-H314-H317-H330-H334-H340-H350-H360-H372-H410
Precautionary statements P210-P260-P280-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338

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Ammonium dichromate Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description Ammonium dichromate is a salt consisting of ammonium ions and dichromate ions. It can be used as in pyrotechinics, photography as well as lithography. It can be used as a catalyst and a source of pure nitrogen in the laboratory. It can also be used as the mordant of dyeing pigment. It has application in the manufacturing of alizarin, chrome alum, leather tanning and oil purification. Moreover, it can be used for the production of phosphor raster of television screen through acting as the photoactive site. Finally, there are also reports using it for combustion synthesis of perovskite LnCrO3 powder and oxidation of hydroquinones, catechols and phenols.
References Havard, Jennifer M., et al. "Design of Photoresists with Reduced Environmental Impact. 1. Water-Soluble Resists Based on Photo- Cross-Linking of Poly(vinyl alcohol)." Plos One 8.4(1999):-.
Kingsley, J. J., and L. R. Pederson. "Combustion synthesis of perovskite LnCrO3 powders using ammonium dichromate." Materials Letters 18.1-2 (1993): 89-96.
Fischer, Alfred, and George N. Henderson. "Oxidation of hydroquinones, catechols, and phenols using ceric ammonium nitrate and ammonium dichromate coated on silica: an efficient and convenient preparation of quinones." Synthesis 1985.6/7 (1985): 641 -643.
Suzuki, S. "Determination of Chromium Atom Density on Deep UV Exposed Ammonium-Dichromated Gelatin Films with Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra." Journal of the Electrochemical Society135.10 (1988):2615-2620.
Chemical Properties bright orange-red crystals
Chemical Properties Ammonium dichromate is a combustible, orange-red crystalline solid which is used in solution.
Occurrence Bright orange-red monoclinic crystals; odorless; hygroscopic; decomposes at 180°C; density 2.115 g/cm³ at 25°C; readily dissolves in water (26.67 g/100 g at 20°C).
Uses Yellow needles made by chromic acid acting on ammonium hydroxide. The product is produced by crystallization. Ammonium dichromate was used interchangeably with potassium dichromate for sensitizing gelatin, albumen, gums, and other colloids that were used for pigment processes. Ammonium dichromate is more sensitive than the potassium alternative.
Uses It is used in oxidimetric standard.
Uses Ammonium dichromate is used in photo engraving, dye mordant, pigments, pickling, photography, process engraving, lithography, pyrotechnics, glazes for porcelain and china wares. It acts as a catalyst and a source of nitrogen in the laboratory and as the photoactive site. It is also used in the preparation of alizarin and chrome alum. Further, it is used in leather and oil industry for tanning and purification respectively. It is involved in the production of the phosphor raster television screens and other devices.
Uses Source of pure nitrogen (esp in the laboratory); in pyrotechnics (Vesuvius fire); in lithography and photo engraving; in special mordant, catalysts, and porcelain finishes; intermediate in the manufacture of pigments; of magnetic recording materials.
General Description Ammonium dichromate is a bright orange red crystalline solid. Ammonium dichromate is readily ignited and burns producing a voluminous green residue. If heated in a closed container, the container may rupture due to the decomposition of the material. Ammonium dichromate may also act as a strong oxidizing agent if mixed with or contaminated with combustible material. Ammonium dichromate is soluble in water.
Air & Water Reactions Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile Ammonium dichromate is an oxidizing reagent, Ammonium dichromate readily reacts with reducing materials, in large quantity Ammonium dichromate may produce a violent reaction. Direct exposure to heat or shock will explode it. When heated to decomposition Ammonium dichromate emits toxic fumes of ammonia and nitrogen oxides [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 205].
Hazard Dusts and solutions are toxic, irritating to eyes and skin; dangerous fire risk. Strong oxidizing agent may explode in contact with organic materi- als. TLV: 0.05 mg(Cr)/m 3 ; Confirmed human car- cinogen.
Health Hazard Inhalation causes irritation or ulceration of the mucous membranes of the nose, throat or respiratory tract. Respiratory irritation can produce symptoms resembling those of asthma. Continuing irritation of the nose may lead to perforation of the nasal septum. External contact can cause eye irritation and conjunctivitis, irritation and ulceration of skin wounds, and rash or external ulcers. If ingested, irritates mucous membrane and causes vomiting.
reaction suitability reagent type: oxidant
Safety Profile Confirmed human carcinogen. Poison by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, and subcutaneous routes. See also CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS. An unstable oxidizer. Moderately flammable; reacts with reducing agents.
Potential Exposure It is used in dyeing, leather tanning and to make fireworks and chromic oxide; in lithography and photoengraving; in manufacture of special mordants and catalysts.
Shipping UN1439 Ammonium dichromate, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer.
Purification Methods It crystallises from weak aqueous HCl (ca 1mL/g). It decomposes rapidly on heating. (Possible carcinogen and is POISONOUS)
Incompatibilities An unstable oxidizer; freezing/melting point5(decomposes below MP) 180 C; decomposition becomes self-sustaining and violent at about 225 C. Contact with combustible, organic or other easily oxidized materials, strong acids; hydrazine and other reducing agents; alcohols, sodium nitrite may cause fire and explosions.
Waste Disposal Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Add a large volume of a reductant solution (hypo, bisulfite or ferrous salt and acidify with sulfuric acid). Neutralize when reduction is complete and flush to sewer with large volume of water.