Description
Calcium nitrite has the formula of Ca(NO2)2 and the
molecular weight of 132.0894 g/mol. It can be made by
the usual double decomposition reaction of sodium
nitrite and CaCl2. It forms a tetrahydrate that is isomorphous
with the strontium and barium salts:
2Na2NO2 (aq) + CaCl2 Ca(NO2)2 (aq) + 4NaCl (aq)
Chemical Properties
white or yellowish deliquescent, hexagonal crystal(s); prepared from nitric oxide and a mixture consisting of calcium ferrate and calcium nitrate; used to inhibit corrosion in lubricants and concrete [MER06]
Physical properties
Calcium nitrite, Ca(NO2)2, has the CAS number of
13780-06-8 and occurs as yellow-white crystals. It is
very hygroscopic. Its density is 2.23 g/cm
3 and it
decomposes at 392°C to form nitrogen oxides and
CaO. It is slightly soluble in alcohol. Ca(NO2)2·4H2O
loses two waters of hydration at about 80°C and one
at 105°C to form the monohydrate. It loses the other at
about 155°C. The anhydrate, if further heated, is
unstable and oxidizes to the nitrate in air above 220°C:
Ca(NO2)2 + O2 + heatCa(NO3)2
Uses
Calcium nitrite has several industrial uses:
1. Calcium nitrite has high solubility, so can be used as
a solution or powder in concrete as an “anti-freeze”
during winter months as needed. Using this
antifreeze at negative temperature can promote
the hydration of minerals in cement, and the
freezing point of operative temperature can be
reduced to –25°C.
2. This salt is a steel rust inhibitor: calcium nitrite can
clean steel and protect it from rust, and can protect
steel material in concrete used to construct buildings
and structures, to extend the useful life of concrete in
buildings.
3. In concrete, Ca(NO2)2 acts as a coagulator: calcium
nitrite is free of chlorine and alkali, capable to reduce
alkali aggregation of concrete and improve its early
strength and compressive resistance. The calcium
nitrite protects steel reenforcing bars from chlorideinduced
corrosion. One advantage to calcium nitrite
is that its protection mechanism is well defined. Data
are known that show the levels of chloride to which
given levels of calcium nitrite will protect. Once corrosion initiates, the rates are lower with calcium
nitrite present. These results have been used to
produce reinforced concrete structures with
durability in excess of 50–100 years.
4. Calcium nitrite can be used as corrosion inhibitor
when added to lubricating agents.
5. Calcium nitrite can also be used in pharmaceutical,
dyes and metallurgy industries, as a mild reducing
agent.
Uses
Corrosion inhibitor in lubricants, concrete.
Preparation
Industrially, calcium nitrite is manufactured by reacting
“NOX” gas with “lime”:
Ca(OH)2 + NO +NO2Ca(NO2)2 +H2O
By carefully controlling calciumnitrite conditions, the
selectivity on converted lime, on a molar basis, is over
95% pure. It is soluble in water (98.2 g/100 ml at
20 °C) and the solution must be evaporated at low
temperature to obtain the tetrahydrate. If heated with
NO2 gas, it also form the nitrate:
Ca(NO2)2 + NO2Ca(NO3)2 + NO
Anhydrous calcium nitrite is unstable and slowly
oxidizes in air to form the nitrate. It is also soluble in
alcohol at 0.97 g/100 ml at 20 °C.
General Description
Calcium nitrite solution (Ca(NO
2)
2) is widely utilized as a corrosion inhibitor. It protects the metal surface against chloride attack and increases the threshold level and improves the overall life of the concrete. Ca(NO
2)
2 does not change the mechanical properties of the cement.
Flammability and Explosibility
Not classified
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from hot water (1.4mL/g) by adding ethanol and cooling to give the hydrate. It is deliquescent. [Ray & Ogg J Am Chem Soc 79 265 1957.]
