Description
CYP2C9 is a major cytochrome P450 enzyme that is involved in the metabolic clearance of various therapeutic agents. Disruption of this enzyme’s activity can lead to adverse drug reactions. Sulfaphenazole is an inhibitor of CYP2C9 (K
i = 0.3 μM) that demonstrates at least 100-
fold selectivity over other CYP450 isoforms (K
is = 63 and 29 μM for CYP2C8 and CYP2C18, respectively, and no activity at CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C19). At 10 μM, sulfaphenazole has been shown to inhibit endothelium-
derived hyperpolarizing factor synthase, a CYP450 isozyme in the porcine coronary artery homologous to CYP2C8/9 that generates reactive oxygen species in coronary endothelial cells and modulates vascular tone and homeostasis.
Chemical Properties
White to off-white powder
Uses
Sulfaphenazole has been used as a positive control to inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (cyp2c9) to quantify
Rhodiola rosea inhibition. It has also been used as cytochrome P450 2C9 (cyp2c9) inhibitor in endothelial cells and microsomal preparations.
Uses
Sulfaphenazole is used as an inhibitor for mammalian CYP2C9, an enzyme of the cytochrome P450 family allowing for pharmacological application.Sulfaphenazole can help protect against ischemia-reperfusion, and resulting tissue damage by inhibition of CYP2C9.
Definition
ChEBI: A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Antibacterial. Specific inhibitor of CYP2C9. Blocks pro-inflammatory and atherogenic effects of linoleic acid (increase in oxidative stress and activation of AP-1) mediated by CYP2C9. Specific inhibitor of CYP2C9. Blocks pro-inflammatory and atherogenic effects of linoleic acid (increase in oxidative stress and activation of AP-1) mediated by CYP2C9. Inhibits bradykinin-induced tPA release.
in vitro
in yeast expressed human cytochromes p450 of the 1a, 3a, and 2c subfamilies, sulfaphenazole acts as a strong and competitive inhibitor of cyp 2c9 with the ki value of 0.3 ± 0.1 μm. the ki values of sulfaphenazole for cyp 2c8 and 2c18 were 63 and 29 μm, respectively. sulfaphenazole failed to inhibit cyp 1a1, 1a2, 3a4, and 2c19 [1].
in vivo
in diabetic male mice (db/db strain), daily intraperitoneal injections of either the cyp 2c inhibitor sulfaphenazole (5.13 mg/kg) for 8 weeks, sulfaphenazole restored endothelium-mediated relaxation in db/db mice. sulfaphenazole reduced oxidative stress, increased no bioavailability and restored endothelial function in db/db mice [3].
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from EtOH or aqueous EtOH. [Schmidt & Druey Helv Chim Acta 41 309 1958, Beilstein 25 III/IV 2029.]
Description
TFF-2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 106 amino acids (24-129) and having a total molecular mass of 12 kDa. TFF2 Human Recombinant includes a 40-amino acid trefoil motif containing three conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds and was purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Background
Proteins of the TFF family are characterized by obtaining a minimum of 1 copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains 3 conserved disulfides. Trefoil Factors are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa which protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and affect healing of the epithelium.TFF2 inhibits gastric acid motility & secretion. TFF2 stabilizes glycoproteins in the mucus gel through interactions with carbohydrate side chains.
References
[1] mancy a, dijols s, poli s, et al. interaction of sulfaphenazole derivatives with human liver cytochromes p450 2c: molecular origin of the specific inhibitory effects of sulfaphenazole on cyp 2c9 and consequences for the substrate binding site topology of cyp 2c9[j]. biochemistry, 1996, 35(50): 16205-16212.
[2] rettie a e, jones j p. clinical and toxicological relevance of cyp2c9: drug-drug interactions and pharmacogenetics[j]. annu. rev. pharmacol. toxicol., 2005, 45: 477-494.
[3] elmi s, sallam n a, rahman m m, et al. sulfaphenazole treatment restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation in diabetic mice[j]. vascular pharmacology, 2008, 48(1): 1-8.
