Description
The liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) are nuclear hormone receptors whose native ligands are oxysterols. LXRs regulate the oxysterol-
induced expression of cholesterol 7α-
hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of classic bile acid synthesis. 22(R)-
hydroxy Cholesterol is an endogenous agonist for LXRs that activates LXRα with an EC
50 value of 325 nM. 22(R)-
hydroxy Cholesterol, acting through LXR heterodimerized with the retinoid X receptor, induces the expression of the ABCA1 reverse cholesterol transporter. This activity increases the efflux of cholesterol from enterocytes and thus inhibits the overall absorption of cholesterol. 22(R)-
hydroxy Cholesterol can be used as a substrate to monitor cholesterol transport or as an endogenous positive control for testing LXR agonists which have potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Uses
The 22R-metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501). 22-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits chemokine receptor activity.
Uses
Bovine aortic endothelial cells were treated with 22(R)-Hydroxycholesterol to study the effects on production of free radicals and in studies related to fatty acid metabolism.
Definition
ChEBI: An oxysterol that is the 22R-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.
General Description
22(
R)-hydroxycholesterol is a diastereomer of 22(
S)-hydroxycholesterol. It is present in neonate brain.
Biochem/physiol Actions
22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22(R)-HC) is a liver X receptor (LXR) ligand.. 22(R)-HC in combination with other oxysterols promote mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis. It regulates cholesterol homeostasis. Low levels of 22(R)-HC is observed in Alzheimer′s disease and it may be implicated in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol also suppresses prostate tumor progression.
References
[1] THOMAS A. SPENCER. Pharmacophore Analysis of the Nuclear Oxysterol Receptor LXRα[J]. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2001, 44 6: 886-897. DOI:
10.1021/jm0004749[2] P COSTET. Sterol-dependent transactivation of the ABC1 promoter by the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor.[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2000, 275 36: 28240-28245. DOI:
10.1074/jbc.m003337200[3] XINYI WANG. Scopine as a Novel Brain-Targeting Moiety Enhances the Brain Uptake of Chlorambucil[J]. Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate, 2014, 25 11: 2046-2054. DOI:
10.1021/bc5004108
