Uses
HELSS (Haloenol lactone suicide substrate, BEL, Bromoenol lactone) is an inhibitor of Ca-independent PLA2 and Mg-dependent PAP.
Definition
ChEBI: Bromoenol lactone is a member of naphthalenes.
Biological Activity
bromoenol lactone is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of myocardial cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase a2 (ipla2) [1].the ipla2 has been involved in stimulus-induced arachidonic acid release and lysophospholipid generation. the catalytic action of ipla2 is responsible for phospholipid remodeling as a housekeeping function. arachidonic acid and lysophospholipid generated by ipla2 act as a signaling molecule in cellular functions, including eicosanoid production, glucose-induced insulin secretion, fas-induced apoptosis, cellular proliferation, membrane traffic in fusion, contribution to myocardial ischemia, and others [2].bel promoted apoptosis in a variety of cell lines, including u937, thp-1, and monomac (human phagocyte), raw264.7 (murine macrophage), jurkat (human t lymphocyte), and gh3 (human pituitary). long term treatment with bel (up to 24 h) increased annexin-v binding to the cell surface and nuclear dna damage. bel induced the proteolysis of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3 and increased cleavage of poly (adp-ribose) polymerase [1]. bel inhibited cellular phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (pap) activity in intact p388d1 macrophages with an ic50 of ～8 μm. bel blocked triacylglycerol biosynthesis in p388d1 cells by decreasing diacylglycerol availability [3].
Biochem/physiol Actions
Potent, irreversible inhibitor of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and of magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase from P388D macrophages (IC50 = 8μM); enzyme activated irreversible chymotrypsin inhibitor (Ki = 636 nM).
References
[1] fuentes l, pérez r, nieto m l, et al. bromoenol lactone promotes cell death by a mechanism involving phosphatidate phosphohydrolase-1 rather than calcium-independent phospholipase a2[j]. journal of biological chemistry, 2003, 278(45): 44683-44690.
[2] akiba s, sato t. cellular function of calcium-independent phospholipase a2[j]. biological and pharmaceutical bulletin, 2004, 27(8): 1174-1178.
[3] balsinde j, dennis e a. bromoenol lactone inhibits magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and blocks triacylglycerol biosynthesis in mouse p388d1 macrophages[j]. journal of biological chemistry, 1996, 271(50): 31937-31941.
