Description
Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in leukocytes. The majority of these metabolites are formed through the 5-
lipoxygenase (5-
LO) pathway. 14,15-
LTC
4 is a member of an alternate class of LTs synthesized by a pathway involving the dual actions of 15-
and 12-
LOs on arachidonic acid
via 15-
HpETE and 14,15-
LTA
4 intermediates. 14,15-
LTC
4 is classified as an eoxin, because it is formed mostly by eosinophils. However, mast cells and nasal polyps can synthesize 14,15-
LTC
4 as well. Little is known about the physiological actions of 14,15-
LTC
4. It has weak contractile activity on both guinea pig ileum and pulmonary parenchyma in contrast to the effects of 5-
LO-
derived LTs. However, in an
in vitro permeability assay, 14,15-
LTC
4 can increase vascular permeability of human endothelial cell monolayers, with similar potency to that of 5-
LO-
derived LTs resulting in plasma leakage -
a hallmark of inflammation.
References
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10.1016/s0021-9258(18)66623-2[3] R. BRYANT. Leukotriene formation by a purified reticulocyte lipoxygenase enzyme. Conversion of arachidonic acid and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to 14, 15-leukotriene A4.[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1985, 43 1: 3548-3555. DOI:
10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83657-8[4] STINA FELTENMARK. Eoxins are proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites produced via the 15-lipoxygenase-1 pathway in human eosinophils and mast cells.[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008: 680-685. DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0710127105[5] SAILESH S. Sheep Uterus Dual Lipoxygenase in the Synthesis of 14,15-Leukotrienes[J]. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1994, 315 2: Pages 362-368. DOI:
10.1006/abbi.1994.1512[6] J M DRAZEN. Contractile activities of structural analogs of leukotrienes C and D: necessity of a hydrophobic region.[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1981, 78 5: 3195-3198. DOI:
10.1073/pnas.78.5.3195[7] A SALA. Contractile and binding activities of structural analogues of LTC4 in the longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig ileum.[J]. Eicosanoids, 1990, 3 2: 105-110.
