Description
Cobalt iodide appears as black crystals with a slight ‘iodine’-like odour. When
heated to decomposition, it may emit toxic fumes of iodine and oxides of nitrogen.
Anhydrous cobalt (II) iodide is sometimes used to test for the presence of water in various
solvents. Cobalt (II) iodide is used as a catalyst, for example, in carbonylations. It
catalyses the reaction of diketene with Grignard reagents, useful for the synthesis of
terpenoids.
Physical properties
Exists in two isomorphous forms, α- and ?-forms; both modifications highly hygroscopic. The α-form is black hexagonal crystal; density 5.58 g/cm
3; turns dark green in air; melts at 560°C; disolves in water giving pink coloration. The α-forms sublimes in vacuo, partly forming an isomorous yellow modification-the anhydrous β-form.
The β-modification is a yellow powder; density 5.45 g/cm
3; converts to the α-form when heated to 400°C; absorbs moisture from air, the yellow powder becoming green droplets; dissolves readily in water forming a colorless solution which turns pink on heating.
The hexahydrate is red hexagonal crystals; density 2.90 g/cm
3; loses water at 130°C giving anhydrous iodide; soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and ether, forming colored solutions, (while the aqueous solution is red below 20°C and green above this temperature; the salt forms blue solution in ethanol, chloroform and ether).
Preparation
Cobalt(II) iodide is prepared by heating cobalt powder in a stream of hydrogen iodide at 400 to 450°C:
Co + 2HI → CoI
2 + H
2
The product obtained is the black crystalline α-form.
Cobalt(II) iodide also may be made by heating cobalt powder with iodine vapor.
