Uses
CTPI-2 is a third-generation mitochondrial citrate carrier SLC25A1 inhibitor with a KD of 3.5 μM. CTPI-2 inhibits glycolysis, PPARγ, and its downstream target the glucose transporter GLUT4. CTPI-2 halts salient alterations of NASH reverting steatosis, preventing the evolution to steatohepatitis, reducing inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue, and starkly mitigating obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Antitumor activity[1][2].
Biological Activity
CTPI-2 is a selective mitochondrial citrate transporter (SLC25A1) inhibitor th at displays H1299 anti-proliferation activity in a SLC25A1-dependent manner (IC50 <10 μM). When compared with CTPI-1, CTPI-2 exhibits 20-fold higher target affinity (hSLC25A1 KD = 3.5 μM vs. 63.6 μM, respectively) and is ~1000-fold more potent against H1299 sphere-forming capacity. CTPI-2 inhibits mitochondrial respiration and formation of patient NSCLC tumors-derived CSCs spheres in cultures (10-50 μM), as well as suppresses the growth of patent-derived NSCLC exnografts in mice in vivo (28 mg/kg q.o.d. i.p.).
in vivo
CTPI-2 is a unique regulator of glycolysis that limits the metabolic plasticity of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CTPI-2 (26 mg/kg; i.p.) inhibits tumor growth in in vivo models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)[1].
CTPI-2 (50 mg/kg; i.p.; alternate days for 12 weeks) completely averts weight gain in the prevention study and leads to significant weight loss in the reversion study[2].
CTPI-2 prevents steatohepatitis and normalizes glucose tolerance. CTPI-2 lowers the levels of circulating IL-6 while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 and also reduced the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and monokine-induced by interferon-γ that attract neutrophils and monocytes. CTPI-2 regulates the citrate pool, the lipogenic and the gluconeogenic pathways[2].
| Animal Model: | C57BL/6J mice (HFD-fed mice)[2] |
| Dosage: | 50 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Alternate days via the intraperitoneal route for 12 weeks |
| Result: | Completely averted weight gain in the prevention study and led to significant weight loss in the reversion study.
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References
[1] Tan M, et al. Inhibition of the mitochondrial citrate carrier, Slc25a1, reverts steatosis, glucose intolerance, and inflammation in preclinical models of NAFLD/NASH. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27(7):2143-2157. DOI:
10.1038/s41418-020-0491-6[2] Fernandez HR, et al. The mitochondrial citrate carrier, SLC25A1, drives stemness and therapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Differ. 2018;25(7):1239-1258. DOI:
10.1038/s41418-018-0101-z
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