Chemical Properties
Polyisobutylene is composed of long-chain hydrocarbon formed by polymerization of isobutene, and is extremely stable under normal conditions. It is transparent non-noxious high-consistency semi-solid polymer free of impurities.
Chemical Properties
The physical properties of polyisobutene are very dependent on molecular
weight. Polymers with average molecular weight (Mw) of about 15 000 are sticky viscous liquids whilst those with molecular weight of 100000-200000
are rubber-like, resembling unmilled crepe rubber.
Polyisobutene is non-crystalline when unstretched and is therefore soluble
at room temperature in hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons. The
material is resistant to most acids, alkalis and aqueous solutions, as would be
expected from its saturated hydrocarbon structure and absence of tertiary
hydrogen atoms. The lack of tertiary hydrogen atoms renders polyisobutene
more resistant to oxidation than polypropylene; also, the less numerous and
partially shielded methylene groups in polyisobutene are less reactive than
those in polyethylene. However, polyisobutene is rather susceptible to thermal degradation since chain scission is favoured by the greater stability of the
resultant tertiary free radical:
Polyisobutene may be chlorinated but the reaction is accompanied by
severe degradation.
A limitation of polyisobutene is its tendency to cold flow and, as a result,
the polymer finds little use in self-supporting form. Applications are restricted
mainly to adhesives, fabric and paper coatings, and blends with other polymers. Low molecular weight polyisobutene is also used in caulking compounds.
Uses
polyisobutene (hydrogenated) is an emollient.
Polyisobutylene, sometimes called butyl rubber, and other times PIB, is a vinyl polymer. It's very similar to polyethylene and polypropylene in structure, except that every other carbon is substituted with two methyl groups. It is made from the monomer isobutylene, by cationic vinyl polymerization.
Polyisobutylene is a synthetic rubber, or elastomer. It's special because it's the only rubber that's gas impermeable. That is, it's the only rubber that can hold air for long periods of time. You may have noticed that balloons will go flat after a few days. This is because they are made of polyisoprene, which is not gas impermeable. Because polyisobutylene will hold air, it is used to make things like the inner tubes, liner layers of tires, and the inner liners of basketballs.
Preparation
Silicone rubbers are prepared as follows:
Other groups may replace the methyl groups. Silicone rubbers have excellent ozone and weathering resistance, good electrical properties, and good adhesion to metal.
Definition
ChEBI: A polymer composed of repeating 1,1-dimethylethylene units. 2-methylprop-1-ene (1,1-Dimethylethylene) is an alkene that is prop-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is an alkene and a gas molecular entity.
Application
Polyisobutylene (PIB) is a vinyl polymer with a uniquely low water diffusion rate and low glass transition temperature (Tg) (-75 °C). It is widely available for use in the following ways:
(1) PIB can be used as a common encapsulation material for photovoltaic modules.
(2) Chemically inert elastomers with oxidation and thermal degradation resistance and low gas permeability.
(3) Plasticisers in rubber formulations and sporting goods (e.g. golf clubs, tennis rackets, grips for bicycles and tools).
(4) Adhesive compositions used as wound dressings where PIB acts as a tackifier.
(5) Functionalisation of polyisobutylene with pyrene by photoinduced radical addition of 1-bromomethylpyrene in the presence of Mn2(CO)10 during the preparation of polyisobutylene-based block copolymers.
(6) Highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB) is the most important industrial polymer material used as a lubricant, fuel and polymer additive. In contrast to conventional Polyisobutylene, HRPIB is a polymer using olefins as end groups.
Solubility in organics
non-polar organic solvents (i.e. aliphatic, aromatic, cyclic and halogenated hydrocarbons), THF
