Biochem/physiol Actions
3BDO is a cell-permeable, orally bioavailable, non-toxic butyrolactone derivative that is shown to competitively bind FKBP1A (FK506-binding protein 1A, 12 kDa) in a reversible manner, and suppress autophagy via the mTOR pathway. 3BDO inhibits both LPS- and oxLDL-induced autophagy in HUVECs, increases TIA1 phosphorylation, and reduces autophagosomes number. It is reported to be brain permeant, and significantly decreases atherosclerosis development in apoE-/-mice (100 mg/kg, q.d., p.o.). 3BDO increases IDE and neprilysin levels, lowers amyloid-β deposition in an AβPP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer′s disease, and alleviates memory deficits.
in vivo
Immunofluorescence assay reveals that 3BDO treatment increases the level of p-p70S6K and decreases the protein level of ATG13 in plaque endothelium of mice. 3BDO does not affect the phosphorylation of mTOR direct downstream targets p70S6K and 4EBP1. As compare with controls, apoE-/- mice show inhibited endothelium autophagy and apoptosis with 3BDO treatment, so 3BDO protects against endothelium injury in atherosclerosis. 3BDO treatment stabilizes established atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- mice. In apoE-/-mice, as compare with controls, with 3BDO treatment, the serum level of IL-6 and IL-8 is significantly decreased[2].
