Chemical Properties
White crystals, soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, almost insoluble in chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, from long-stalked Gentiana macrophylla (Tibet) when the medicine, swertia, green leaf urchin, fritillary.
Biological Activity
Swertiamarin has shown potential as antiatherogenic agent by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity in high cholesterol fed rats. The high cholesterol fed rats treated with Swertiamarin showed prevention of increased serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLs and VLDLs.
in vivo
Swertiamarin (50, 75 mg/kg; once daily; 7 days; p.o.) has a lipid-lowering effect in hypercholesterolemic rats[1].
Swertiamarin (100, 200 mg/kg; once daily; 8 weeks; i.g.) has antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride induced rat hepatotoxicity through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[2].
Swertiamarin (2, 5, 10 mg/kg; once daily; 2 weeks; p.o.) prevents bone erosion in arthritis rats by regulating RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling transduction[3].
Swertiamarin (2, 5, 10 mg/kg; once daily; 2 weeks; p.o.) attenuates inflammatory mediators by regulating NF - κ B/I, κ B, and JAK2/STAT3 transcription factors in adjuvant induced arthritis rats[4].
| Animal Model: | Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by supplementing a diet rich in cholesterol[1]. |
| Dosage: | 50, 75 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Oral gavage (p.o.); once daily; 7 days |
| Result: | Reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride concentration and atherosclerosis index. |
| Animal Model: | Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model of liver injury induced by CCl4[2]. |
| Dosage: | 100, 200 mg/kg |
| Administration: | i.g. ; once daily; 8 weeks |
| Result: | Reduced the levels of serum marker enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP representing liver damage, and restored antioxidant enzyme activity and GSH content in rat liver.
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| Animal Model: | Induced arthritis rat model by intradermal injection of 0.1ml Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in 1ml paraffin oil into the right hind paw of rats[3][4]. |
| Dosage: | 2, 5, 10 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Oral gavage (p.o.); once daily; 2 weeks |
| Result: | Reduced calcium and TRAP, ACP, and ALP levels in serum and urine of arthritis rats, and increased phosphorus and collagen levels[3]. Inhibited paw thickness, lysosomal enzyme levels, and increased body weight in rats[4]. |
