Description
Harmine (343-27-1) is a selective competitive and reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (IC50= 8 μM).1Harmine is a potent and specific inhibitor of both the kinase activity and autophosphorylation of tyrosine during translation DYRK1A (IC50‘s: DYRKA1A = 33 nM; DYRKA1B = 166 nM; DYRK2 = 1.9 μM; DYRK4 = 80 μM).2,3Inhibits self-renewal and promotes differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLC’s) possibly via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.4Harmine has also been shown to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiplasmodial, antitumor, antioxidant, antimutagenic and antigenotoxic properties.5Inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption via downregulation of c-Fos and NFATc1 induced by RANKL.6
in vivo
It is shown that brain water content is significantly increased in the TBI group. Treatment with Harmine significantly reduces the tissue water content at 1, 3 and 5 days, compared with the TBI group. Harmine treatment significantly reduces the escape latency at 3 and 5 days, compared with the TBI group. Post-TBI administration of Harmine significantly improves the motor function recovery of the rats at 1, 3 and 5 days following TBI, compared with the TBI group without Harmine treatment. The neuronal survival rate in the Harmine-treated group is significantly increased, compared with the TBI group. Administration of Harmine results in marked elevation in the expression of GLT-1, compared with the TBI group. The administration of Harmine significantly reduces the expression of caspase 3, compared with the TBI group[4].
References
[1] WOUTERS J. Structural aspects of monoamine oxidase and its reversible inhibition.[J]. Current medicinal chemistry, 1998, 5 2: 137-162.
[2] ANNE SEIFERT Paul R C Lindsey A Allan. DYRK1A phosphorylates caspase 9 at an inhibitory site and is potently inhibited in human cells by harmine[J]. The FEBS journal, 2008, 275 24: 6268-6280. DOI:
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06751.x[3] NORA GÖCKLER. Harmine specifically inhibits protein kinase DYRK1A and interferes with neurite formation[J]. The FEBS journal, 2009, 276 21: 6324-6337. DOI:
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07346.x[4] HUAILEI LIU. Harmine hydrochloride inhibits Akt phosphorylation and depletes the pool of cancer stem-like cells of glioblastoma.[J]. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 2013, 112 1: 39-48. DOI:
10.1007/s11060-012-1034-x[5] K PATEL . A review on medicinal importance, pharmacological activity and bioanalytical aspects of beta-carboline alkaloid “Harmine”[J]. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2012, 2 8: Pages 660-664. DOI:
10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60116-6[6] TAKAYUKI YONEZAWA . Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid, inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo[J]. European journal of pharmacology, 2011, 650 2: Pages 511-518. DOI:
10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.048
