Chemical Properties
white to off-white granular crystalline powder. insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether. soluble in alkali.
Uses
Biospecific adsorption of carbonic anhydrase to self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates that present benzenesulfonamide groups on gold. Biospecific binding of carbonic anhydrase to mixed sams presenting benzenesulfonamide ligands led to a model system for studying lateral steric effects. Benzenesulfonamide modifications at c-7 of ciprofloxacin change its primary target instreptococcus pneumoniae from topoisomerase iv to gyrase. Polar substitutions in the benzenesulfonamide ring of celecoxib afford a potent 1,5-diarylpyrazole class of COX-2 inhibitors.
Uses
Benzenesulfonamide was used to develop analytical method for simultaneous determination of benzotriazole, benzothiazole and benzenesulfonamide contaminants in environmental waters.
Definition
ChEBI: Benzenesulfonamide is a sulfonamide.
Application
Benzenesulfonamides serve as intermediates in the production of polysulfonamides, which are used as tanning agents and plastics. N- Alkylamides of the benzenesulfonic and tolue-nesulfonic acids can be used as plasticizers. Aminobenzenesulfonamides and diaryldisulfonylamines with amino groups serve as intermediates in the production of azo dyes.
Preparation
Benzenesulfonamide is obtained by amination of benzenesulfonyl chloride.
Biological Activity
benzenesulfonamide, the amide of benzenesulfonic acid, has been used to produce various derivatives, especially those used as intermediates in the synthesis of photochemicals, dyes, disinfectants, as well as pharmaceuticals.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Benzenesulfonamide is an inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase B. Benzenesulfonamide derivatives are effective in the treatment of proliferative diseases such as cancer. It is used in the synthesis of dyes, photochemicals and disinfectants.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by ingestion andintraperitoneal routes. When heated to decomposition itemits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.
in vitro
in a previous study, a series of n-aryl-β-alanine- and diazo-derivatives of benzenesulfonamide were designed, synthesized, and their binding affinities to carbonic anhydrases (ca) i, ii, vi, vii, xii, and xiii was investigated by the use of isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescent thermal shift assay. the results indicated that 4-substituted diazobenzenesulfonamides were found to be most potent ca binders among the synthesized derivatives. in addition, the majority of the n-aryl-β-alanine derivatives had better affinity for ca ii while diazobenzenesulfonamides showed nanomolar affinities towards ca i isozyme. moreover, the x-ray crystallographic data showed the binding modes of both derivative groups [1].
in vivo
in the rat cpe model, the most potnet benzenesulfonamide indole derivative at 10 mg/kg in the mc/tw formulation displayed oral efficacy. moreover, this compound, when administered in another preferred, minimal formulation in the same in vivo model, demonstrated superior oral efficacy to the lead phenylmethane sulfonamide way-196025 orally administered in a lipid-based formulation. in addition, this benzenesulfonamide indole derivative was also orally efficacious at 1 mg/kg by attenuating both lar and the associated ahr to aerosolized carbachol in naturally sensitized sheep, which had been challenged through the airways with a. suum antigen [2].
Properties and Applications
Benzenesulfonamides are readily crystallizing, colorless compounds with defined melting points and poor solubility in water. They are therefore suitable for the characterization of sulfonic acids (via the sulfonyl chlorides) and of primary and secondary amines and for the separation of amine mixtures (Hinsberg method). Benzenesulfonamides are weak acids and form salts with bases. They are thermally stable and very difficult to hydrolyze with alkali; however, they are more easily hydrolyzed with mineral acids. In concentrated sulfuric acid sodium nitrite splits them into sulfonic acids and nitrogen. The hydrogen atoms bound to the nitrogen can be substituted.
References
[1] rutkauskas k et al. 4-amino-substituted benzenesulfonamides as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases. molecules. 2014 oct 28;19(11):17356-80.
[2] lee kl et al. benzenesulfonamide indole inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase a2α: optimization of in vitro potency and rat pharmacokinetics for oral efficacy. bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. 2008 16(3), 1345-1358.
