1-Phenoxy-2-propanol

Chemical Properties

colourless liquid

Uses

1-Phenoxy-2-propanol is a useful synthetic intermediate. It was used in the preparation of acylarylthiocarbamates as nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Uses

High-boiling solvent, bactericidal agent, fixa- tive for soaps and perfumes, intermediate for plas- ticizers.

Definition

Colorless liquid.Combustible.

Application

1-Phenoxy-2-propanol (PP) is used as a preservative in cosmetics. PP is currently permitted for up to 1% in cosmetic formulations in Korea and Europe. In addition to its cosmetic uses, PP is used as a solvent for mixing water and organic components in paints, coatings, and films. It is used as an ink solvent for industrial paints, ballpoint pens, stamp pads, and paint removers. The exposure range is broad since PP is used in various industrial paints and cosmetic

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron Letters, 36, p. 9357, 1995 DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02027-M

General Description

1-Phenoxy-2-propanol (PP), a gycol ether, can be synthesized by reacting propylene oxide with phenol in the presence of Al₂O₃-MgO/Fe₃O₄ catalyst. The influence of its anesthetic property on gastropods has been analyzed. Its degradation by microorganisms in different soil types has been investigated.

Flammability and Explosibility

Non flammable

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decompositionit emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors.

Toxicity evaluation

1-Phenoxy-2-propanol (PP) does not cause skin irritation or sensitization. However, it may induce mucosal irritation. The pregnant Himalayan rabbits were orally administered 0, 60, 180, and 540?mg/kg/day of PP during organogenesis (7–19 days of pregnancy). LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) for maternal toxicity was assessed at 540?mg/kg/day based on weight loss and apathy. In addition, LOAEL for developmental toxicity was 540?mg/kg/day, and NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) was assessed at 180?mg/kg/day. The other study reported that NOAEL for maternal toxicity of PP orally treated to pregnant Wistar rats was 40?mg/kg/day, and NOAEL for developmental toxicity of PP was 160?mg/kg/day.

Regulations

1-Phenoxy-2-propanol (PP) has antibacterial properties and is designated as a sterilizing and preserving agent used in cosmetics and soaps. In Korea, PP comprises up to 1.0% of formulations and is only allowed in products that are washed off after use, and other products are prohibited. European Commission (EC) restricts washing products to 1.0% or less[1].

References

[1] Jung Dae Lee . “Percutaneous permeability of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, a preservative in cosmetics.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 103 (2019): Pages 56-62.