Preparation
Amantadine hydrochloride was dissolved in distilled water, and sodium sulfate solution (anhydrous sodium sulfate dissolved in distilled water) was added dropwise with stirring at room temperature. A large amount of white precipitate was formed. After the addition was complete, the solution was filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain 1-ADAMANTANAMINE SULFATE.
Chemical Properties
white fine crystalline powder
Uses
Amantadine (1-Adamantanamine) sulfate is an orally avtive and potent antiviral agent with activity against influenza A viruses. Amantadine sulfate inhibits several ion channels such as NMDA and M2, and also inhibits Coronavirus ion channels. Amantadine sulfate also has anti-orthopoxvirus and anticancer activity. Amantadine sulfate can be used for Parkinson's disease, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and COVID-19 research[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Definition
ChEBI: An alkylammonium sulfate salt obtained by combining amantadine and sulfuric acid in a 2:1 ratio. Used as an antiviral and antiparkinson drug.
in vivo
Amantadine sulfate (25 mg/kg, IP, once daily for 3 days) inhibits surgery induced neuroinflammation and learning and memory impairment[5].
| Animal Model: | Fischer 344 rats (Four-month old, male, 290-330 g, 15 rats each group)[5] |
| Dosage: | 25 mg/kg |
| Administration: | IP, once daily for 3 days (the first dose at 15 min before surgery) |
| Result: | Inhibited surgery induced neuroinflammation and learning and memory impairment, increased GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) that was co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (an astrocytic marker) in the hippocampus. |
References
[1] Suzuki H, et al. Emergence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses: epidemiological study. J Infect Chemother. 2003;9(3):195-200. DOI:
10.1007/s10156-003-0262-6[2] Hubsher G, et al. Amantadine: the journey from fighting flu to treating Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2012;78(14):1096-1099. DOI:
10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824e8f0d[3] Donald F Smee, et al. A review of compounds exhibiting anti-orthopoxvirus activity in animal models. Antiviral Res. 2003 Jan;57(1-2):41-52. DOI:
10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00199-7[4] Fink K, et al. Amantadine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro. Viruses. 2021 Mar 24;13(4):539. DOI:
10.3390/v13040539[5] Zhang J, et al. Amantadine alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction possibly by increasing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in rats. Anesthesiology. 2014 Oct;121(4):773-85. DOI:
10.1097/ALN.0000000000000352[6] Lan Z, et al. Amantadine inhibits cellular proliferation and induces the apoptosis of hepatocellular cancer cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med. 2015;36(3):904-910. DOI:
10.3892/ijmm.2015.2289
