Chemical Properties
Obtained by steam distillation of the leaves. The oil has a spicy odor. Two fractions, heavier and lighter than water
fractions, are formed during distillation, with a milky emulsion at the interface. The two fractions are combined at the end of the
distillation. Also see Pimenta (Allspice).
Physical properties
The oil is a pale-yellow to light brownish-yellow liquid. In contact with iron, it can acquire a
blue shade turning to dark-brown upon long contact. The oil is soluble in propylene glycol and most fixed oils (with opalescence). It
is relatively insoluble in mineral oil and glycerin.
Occurrence
Found in the leaves of the shrub Pimenta officinalis Lindl. (Fam. Myrtaceae).
Preparation
By steam distillation of the leaves of Pimenta officinalis Lindl.
Essential oil composition
Main constituents include eugenol (approximately 70%), caryophyllene, acids and aldehydes.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. A severe skin irritant. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and irritating fumes. See also
EUGENOL.
