Chemical Properties
White Solid
Uses
The product has been used as a substrate (at 40 °C and pH 9.0) to determine the D-hydantoinase activity in adzuki bean extract.
Uses
Reactant for synthesis of: N-benzyl aplysinopsin analogs as anticancer agents, D-glutamic acid based inhibitors, Antidiabetic chromonyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones, GSK-3β, inhibitors with brain permeability, Thiazolidinedione derivatives as 15-PGDH inhibitors, and Radio-sensitizing agents.
Definition
ChEBI: Hydantoin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Control of generalized convulsive status epilepticus; prevention and treatment of seizures during neurosurgery; short-term substitute for oral phenytoin.
Mechanism of action
Hydantoins are a class of drugs mainly used to treat seizures (anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drugs). Hydantoins reduce seizures by targeting the sodium channel present throughout the nerves. Activation of sodium channels results in the conduction of electrical impulses and the release of neurotransmitters. It could stabilise neuronal membranes by decreasing sodium and calcium ion influx into the neurons. Also decreases post-tetanic potentiation and repetitive discharge.
Pharmacokinetics
Completely absorbed after IM administration. Protein binding: 95%–99%. Rapidly and completely hydrolyzed to phenytoin after IM or IV administration. Time of complete conversion to phenytoin: 4 hr after IM injection; 2 hr after IV infusion. Half-life: 8–15 min (for conversion to phenytoin).
