Description
Icilin (36945-98-9) is an activator of cold-sensitive TRP channels with 2.5-fold greater efficacy and 200-fold greater potency than menthol (EC50?= 0.36 μM for CRM1, rat orthologue of TRPM8).1 Activator at TRPM8 (EC50?= 0.2 μM)2?and ANKTM1(TRPA1)3. Activator effects require Ca2+?and are pH dependent.2,4?Icilin induced G1?arrest in PC-3 prostate cancer cells without cell death.5
Uses
Icilin has been used as cooling agent in anterior ventromedial preoptic area (VMPO) neurons.
Definition
ChEBI: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one is a C-nitro compound.
General Description
Icilin is a synthetic cooling agent and modulates human transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPA1). Icilin inhibits transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) and modulates calcium release. Icilin also suppresses transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 (TRPV3).
Biological Activity
Cooling agent that activates the novel cold receptors TRPM8 (CMR1) and TRPA1 (ANKTM1/TRPN1), members of the TRP ion channel family. Induces currents in CMR1-expressing HEK-293 cells (EC 50 = 0.36 μ M) more potently than menthol or low temperatures. Produces "wet shakes" in vivo .
Biochem/physiol Actions
Icilin is a potent agonist at the CMR1 cold- and menthol-sensitive receptor.
References
1) McKemy?et al. (2002)?Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation; Nature,?416?52
2) Andersson?et al. (2004)?TRPM8 activation by menthol, icilin and cold is differentially modulated by intracellular pH; J .Neurosci.,?24?5364
3) Story?et al. (2003)?ANKTM1, a TRP-like channel expressed in nociceptive neurons, is activated by cold temperatures; Cell,?112?819
4) Chuang?et al. (2004)?The super-cooling agent icilin reveals a mechanism of coincidence detection by a temperature-sensitive TRP channel; Neuron,?43?859
5) Kim?et al. (2011)?Icilin induces G1?arrest through activating JNK and p38 kinase in a TRPM8-independent manner; Biochem. Biophys. Res .Commun.,?406?30
