Uses
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a complex component of cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria that are involved in a wide range of cell processes such as the stimulation of immune responses and cell signaling pathways. LTA differs between species of gram-positive bacteria. Lipoteichoic acid from
Streptococcus pyogenes may be used to compare its structure, immunogenicity and functions versus other bacterial LTAs.
General Description
the bacterial source
Streptococcus faecalis has been renamed
Enterococcus hirae
Biochem/physiol Actions
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a complex component of cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria that are involved in a wide range of cell processes such as the stimulation of immune responses and cell signaling pathways. LTA differs between species of gram-positive bacteria. Lipoteichoic acid from Bacillus subtilis may be used to compare its structure, immunogenicity and functions versus other bacterial LTAs.
in vivo
Lipoteichoic acid (800 μg/100 μL; Oral gavage; 7 days) shows improvement in colitis mouse model[4].
Lipoteichoic acid (0.1 mg; Oral administration; 20 days-34 weeks) has immunomodulatory and protective effects in UV-induced tumor models[5].
Lipoteichoic acid (5 mg/kg; Intratracheal injection; Single dose) can induce lung injury in mice[6].
| Animal Model: | DSS (HY-116282C) treated male swiss albino mice aged 6-8 weeks old[4] |
| Dosage: | 800 μg/100 μL |
| Administration: | Oral gavage (i.g.); 7 days |
| Result: | Significantly improved external colitis symptoms, disease activity scores, and weight gain in colitis mice.
Significantly improved key inflammatory markers such as the gut permeability, myeloperoxidase activity and histopathological damages in colon in colitis mice.
|
| Animal Model: | Female Crl:SKH-1-hrBR hairless mice aged 8-12 weeks old (20-25 g) with UV-induced tumors[5] |
| Dosage: | 100 μL (1 mg/mL) |
| Administration: | Oral administration; 20 days and 34 weeks (3 times a week) |
| Result: | Caused T cells in the mouse inguinal lymph nodes to produce higher levels of interferon-γ and a number of total, helper and cytotoxic T cells.
Significantly delayed the appearance of tumors.
|
| Animal Model: | Male C57BL/6 mice aged 68 weeks old (22±3 g)[6] |
| Dosage: | 5 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Intratracheal injection; Single dose |
| Result: | Induced inflammatory cell infiltration, interalveolar septal thickening and alveolar collapse.
Promoted the concentration of BALF total protein and the expression of inflammatory factors.
Increased lung neutrophil infiltration and MPO activity.
|
Purification Methods
The acids are extracted by hot phenol/water from disrupted cells. Nucleic acids are also extracted and are removed by treatment with nucleases. Nucleic resistant acids, proteins, polysaccharides and teichoic acids are separated from lipoteichoic acids by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel or by hydrophobic interaction on octyl-Sepharose [Fischer et al. Eur J Biochem 133 523 1983].
