Uses
Heparin is a polymer classified as a mucopolysaccharide or a glycosoaminoglycan. This product is biosynthesized and stored in mast cells of various mammalian tissues, particularly liver, lung, and mucosa. Commercial heparin is chiefly isolated from beef lung or pork intestinal mucosa. This product has been traditionally used as an anticoagulant. Heparin binds to antithrombin III, a naturally occurring plasma protease inhibitor, accelerating significantly the rate at which antithrombin III (AT-III) inhibits coagulation proteases (Factor Xa and thrombin).
Synthesis
1) Enzymatic digestion of crude heparin: dissolve the crude heparin sodium, adjust the PH value of 7.5-9.0, warm up to 50-55, add heparin enzyme trypsin, keep warm for 4-5 hours, adjust the PH value of 9.0-11. After warming to 85C to 90C, cooled, filtered to remove the precipitate, the filtrate was precipitated with ethanol and the precipitate (A) was collected;
2) deproteinization: the precipitate (A) obtained in step 1 was dissolved with water, stirred, adjusted PH to 9-11, added protein flocculating precipitant, stirred, stood still, filtered to remove the precipitate, collected the filtrate (D), the filtrate (D) adjusted PH to the value of 11-13, stirred, stood still, filtered to remove the precipitate, collected the filtrate (E). The filtrate (E) was adjusted PH to neutral value, precipitated with ethanol, and the precipitate (B) was collected;
3) Oxidative decolorization: dissolve the precipitate (B) obtained in step 2 with water, oxidize it with hydrogen peroxide for 24-48 hours, adjust the PH to 10.5-11.5, filter to remove the precipitate, collect the filtrate (F), adjust the PH of the filtrate (F) to 6.5-7.5, precipitate it with ethanol, collect the precipitate (F). Ethanol precipitation, collect the precipitate (C);
5) precipitation, dehydration, drying: the heparin lithium solution obtained in step 4, filtration, ethanol precipitation, collection of precipitate (G), precipitate (G) dehydration, then vacuum drying, crushing, to get the heparin lithium boutique.
References
[1] Purushothaman, Anurag, et al. "Fibronectin on the surface of myeloma cell-derived exosomes mediates exosome-cell interactions." Journal of Biological Chemistry 291.4 (2016): 1652-1663. DOI:
10.1074/jbc.M115.686295.
[2] Capila, Ishan, and Robert J. Linhardt. "Heparin–protein interactions." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 41.3 (2002): 390-412.
[3] Bjrk, I., and U. Lindahl. "Mechanism of the anticoagulant action of heparin." Molecular and cellular biochemistry 48 (1982): 161-182. DOI:
10.1007/BF00421226.
[4] Le Brigand, H., et al. "Prevention of postoperative thrombo-embolic accidents following thoracic surgery by low-dose calcium heparinate: a comparative study (author's transl)." La Semaine des Hopitaux: Organe Fonde par L'association D'enseignement Medical des Hopitaux de Paris 57.19-20 (1981): 972-977.
[5] Beeler, D., R. Rosenberg, and R. Jordan. "Fractionation of low molecular weight heparin species and their interaction with antithrombin." Journal of Biological Chemistry 254.8 (1979): 2902-2913.
