CYANOGEN Struktur

Oxalsäuredinitril

Bezeichnung:Oxalsäuredinitril

CAS-Nr460-19-5

Englisch Name:CYANOGEN

CBNumberCB0809207

SummenformelC2N2

Molgewicht52.03

MOL-Datei460-19-5.mol

Synonyma

Oxalonitril

Oxalsäuredinitril

Dicyan

Oxalsäuredinitril physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	-27.9° (also reported as -34.4°)
Siedepunkt	bp -21.17°
Dichte	d4-21.17 0.9537
Dampfdruck	520-570kPa at 21-25℃
Brechungsindex	1.3780 (estimate)
Löslichkeit	slightly soluble in H2O, ethyl ether; soluble in ethanol
Aggregatzustand	colorless gas
Farbe	colorless
Geruch (Odor)	Foul odor
Wasserlöslichkeit	1.1–1.3g/100g H2O; 26 g/100g alcohol; 5g/100g ether [CIC73]
Spezifische Wärmekapazität	Cp(gas): 1.09 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Henry's Law Constant	1.8×10^-3 mol/(m³Pa) at 25℃, Duchowicz et al. (2020)
Expositionsgrenzwerte	TLV-TWA 20 mg/m³ (10 ppm) (ACGIH).
Dielectric constant	2.6(23℃)
LogP	0.08 at 20℃ and pH6.8
CAS Datenbank	460-19-5
EPA chemische Informationen	Cyanogen (460-19-5)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	F,T,N
R-Sätze:	11-23-50/53
S-Sätze:	23-45-60-61
OEB	A
OEL	TWA: 10 ppm (20 mg/m3)
RIDADR	UN 1026
TSCA	TSCA listed
HazardClass	2.3
Giftige Stoffe Daten	460-19-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

CYANOGEN Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSES GAS ODER KOMPRIMIERTES FLüSSIGGAS MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Das Gas ist schwerer als Luft und kann sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Beim Verbrennen Bildung von giftigen Gasen mit Cyanwasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid und Stickoxiden. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Das Gas reagiert mit Säuren unter Bildung hochgiftiger Gase wie Cyanwasserstoff.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 10 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2008).
MAK: 5 ppm 11 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Hautresorption; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D (DFG 2008).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitsschädliche Konzentration des Gases in der Luft wird beim Entweichen aus dem Behälter sehr schnell erreicht.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege. Schnelle Verdampfung kann zu Erfrierungen führen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgendem Atemversagen und Kollaps. Exposition weit oberhalb der Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte kann zum Tod führen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Wasserstrahl NIEMALS auf die Flüssigkeit richten. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Gasdichter Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R23:Giftig beim Einatmen.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Cyanogen is a colorless, flammable, compressed liquefied gas at room temperature. At deadly levelsonly, it has a pungent, almond-like odor. Molecular weight=52.04; Boiling point=221℃; Relative density(gas)=1.82; Freezing/Melting point=2 28℃; Vaporpressure=5.1 atm at 25℃; Relative vapor density(air=1)=1.82. Explosive limits: LEL=6.6%;UEL=32.0%. Hazard Identification (based on NFPA-704M Rating System): Health 4, Flammability 4, Reactivity 2.Soluble in water; solubility=1%.
Note: The irritant properties of cyanogen have been testedusing both human male and female subjects, 21-65 yearsof age. The distinctive bitter almond smell of cyanogencould not be detected at concentrations of 50, 100, and250 ppm. When exposed to 8 ppm for 6 min or 16 ppm for6-8 min, immediate eye and nose irritation occurred.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Cyanogen is a colorless, flammable, com- pressed liquefied gas at room temperature. At deadly levels only, it has a pungent, almond-like odor.
Verwenden
Cyanogen is used as a fumigant, as a fuel gas for welding and cutting metals, as a propellant, and in organic synthesis. It occurs in blast-furnace gases. It is also known to occur at varying concentrations in cassava flour consumed in northern Mozambique.
Verwenden
Organic synthesis; fuel gas for welding and cutting heat-resistant metals; rocket and missile propellant; fumigant
Vorbereitung Methode
Cyanogen is prepared (1) by reaction of sodium cyanide and copper sulfate solutions, whereby one half the cyanogen is evolved as cyanogen gas and one half remains as cuprous cyanide. From the filtered cuprous cyanide, by treatment with ferric chloride solution, cyanogen is evolved with accompanying formation of ferrous chloride, (2) by heating ammonium oxalate COONH4·COONH4 with phosphorus pentoxide, water being abstracted. Small amounts of cyanogen are present in blast furnace gas and raw coal gas.
Definition
ChEBI: A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.
Vorbereitung Methode
Cyanogen can be prepared by slowly dropping potassium cyanide solution into copper sulfate solution or by heating mercury cyanide.
Definition
A toxic flammable gas prepared by heating mercury cyanide.
Definition
cyanogen: A colourless gas, (CN)₂,with a pungent odour; soluble inwater, ethanol, and ether; d. 2.335g dm–3; m.p. –27.9°C; b.p. –20.7°C.The compound is very toxic. It maybe prepared in the laboratory byheating mercury(II) cyanide; industriallyit is made by gas-phase oxidationof hydrogen cyanide using air over asilver catalyst, chlorine over activatedsilicon(IV) oxide, or nitrogendioxide over a copper(II) salt.Cyanogen is an important intermediatein the preparation of various fertilizersand is also used as a stabilizerin making nitrocellulose. It is an exampleof a pseudohalogen.
Reaktionen
Cyanogen (CN)2 is a colorless gas of marked characteristic odor, very poisonous, density 1.8 (air equal to 1.0), soluble. When passed into water at 0 °C, cyanogen forms hydrocyanic acid plus cyanic acid, but at ordinary temperatures the reaction is complex. With sodium hydroxide solution, there is formed with cyanogen sodium cyanide plus sodium cyanate, with dilute sulfuric acid oxamic acid COOH·CONH2, oxalic acid COOH·COOH. By reaction with tin and hydrochloric acid, cyanogen is reduced to ethylene diamine CH2·NH2·CH2·NH2. Cyanogen reacts with hydrogen to form hydrocyanic acid, and with metals, e.g., zinc, copper, lead, mercury, silver, to form cyanides.
Cyanogen, (1) when burned in air produces a violet flame forming carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the outer part and carbon monoxide and nitrogen in the inner part, (2) when exploded with oxygen produces carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide and nitrogen depending upon the ratio of oxygen to cyanogen (2 volumes oxygen plus 1 volume cyanogen yields 2 volumes carbon dioxide plus 1 volume nitrogen; 1 volume oxygen plus 1 volume cyanogen yields 2 volumes carbon monoxide plus 1 volume nitrogen). The flame spectrum contains characteristic bands in the blue and violet. By means of the electric spark, the electric arc or a red hot tube, cyanogen is decomposed into carbon plus nitrogen. When heated at ordinary pressure at about 300 °C, or under 300 atmospheres pressure at about 225°, cyanogen is converted into paracyanogen, a brown powder, also formed when mercuric cyanide is heated.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless gas with an odor of almonds. Freezes at -28°C and boils at -20.7°C. Shipped as a liquid confined under its vapor pressure. The gas is heavier than air and a flame can travel back to the source of leak very easily. Prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat may cause the containers to violently rupture and rocket. Used to make other chemicals, as a fumigant, and as a rocket propellant.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Soluble in water and slowly decomposed by water to oxalic acid and ammonia.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Colorless, flammable, highly toxic gas. CYANOGEN can react explosively with strong oxidants (dichlorine oxide, fluorene, oxygen, ozone). When heated to decomposition or on contact with acids, acid fumes, water or steam CYANOGEN will react to produce deadly hydrogen cyanide gas and oxides of nitrogen [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 945].
Health Hazard
Cyanogen is a highly poisonous gas having toxic symptoms similar to those of HCN. Acute exposure can result in death by asphyxia. The toxic routes are inhalation and percutaneous absorption. At sublethal concentrations the symptoms of acute toxicity are nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, and weakness.
Rats exposed to cyanogen exhibited toxic symptoms of respiratory obstruction, lacrimation, and somnolence. Exposure to 350 ppm for 1 hour caused death to 50% of test animals. In humans, exposure to 16 ppm for 5 minutes produced irritation of eyes and nose. Toxicity of cyanogen is considerably lower than that of HCN. Lethal dose in test animals from subcutaneous injection varied between 10 and 15 mg/kg. Ernesto et al. (2002) have reported persistent konzo epidemics and subclinical upper motor neuron damage along with an elevated urinary thiocyanate concentration in school children in Mozambique who were exposed to high cyanogen concentrations from cassava flour.
A subchronic toxicity study conducted on male rhesus monkeys and male albino rats exposed over a period of 6 months (6 hours/day, 5 days/week) indicated marginal toxicity of cyanogen at 25 ppm (Lewis et al. 1984). Total lung moisture content and body weights were significantly lower. The odor threshold level for cyanogen is about 250 ppm.
Health Hazard
Vapor irritates eyes and causes giddiness, headache, fatigue, and nausea if inhaled.
Brandgefahr
Highly flammable, burns with a purpletinged flame; vapor density 1.8 (air = 1); the vapor may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and flash back; fireextinguishing procedure: use a water spray to fight fire and keep fire-exposed containers cool; shut off the flow of gas.
Cyanogen forms an explosive mixture with air within the range of 6.6–32%. Liquid cyanogen can explode when mixed with liquid oxygen. When mixed with an acid or water or when heated to decomposition, it produces toxic fumes.
Mechanism of action
Various modes of action including Inhibition of Cytochrome Oxidase, Cellular Asphyxiation and broad-spectrum toxicity
Sicherheitsprofil
: A poison by subcutaneous and possibly other routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: damage to the olfactory nerves and irritation of the conjunctiva. A systemic irritant by inhalation and subcutaneous routes. A human eyeirritant. Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flames (sparks), or oxidizers. To fight fire, stop flow of gas. Potentially explosive reaction with powerful oxidants (e.g., dichlorine oxide, fluorine, oxygen, ozone). When heated to decomposition or on contact with acid, acid fumes, water, or steam will react to produce highly toxic fumes of NOx and CN-. See also other cyanogen entries and CYANIDE.
mögliche Exposition
Cyanogen is currently used as an intermediate in organic syntheses; at one time, it was used in poison gas warfare.
Erste Hilfe
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.Medical observation is advised for 24-48 h. If frostbite hasoccurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rubthe affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOToccurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminatedskin with soap and water.
cal attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.Medical observation is advised for 24-48 h. If frostbite hasoccurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rubthe affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOToccurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminatedskin with soap and water. immediate work area and must be rapidly available. Kitingredients should be replaced every 1-2 years to ensurefreshness. Persons trained in the use of this kit, oxygen use,and CPR must be quickly available
Lager
Cyanogen is stored outside or in a detached area: cool, dry, and well ventilated, and isolated from acid, acid fumes, and water. It is shipped in high-pressure metal cylinders of.
Versand/Shipping
UN1026 Cyanogen, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 2.1-Flammable gas, Inhalation Hazard Zone B. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner.
Inkompatibilitäten
Chemically unstable in rising tempera- tures. May form explosive mixture with air. Explosive reac- tion with strong oxidizers (e.g., dichlorine oxide, fluorine). Forms toxic gases on contact with acids, including hydro- gen cyanide. Slowly hydrolyzed in water to form hydrogen cyanide, oxalic acid, and ammonia.
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Incineration; oxides, or nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or ther- mal devices.
Pestizidtyp
Insecticide; Herbicide; Fungicide; Nematicide

CYANOGEN Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

460-19-5, CYANOGEN Verwandte Suche:

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