PROLACTIN, HUMAN Struktur

PROLACTIN, HUMAN

Bezeichnung:PROLACTIN, HUMAN

Englisch Name:PROLACTIN, HUMAN

CBNumberCB0458739

Molgewicht0

PROLACTIN, HUMAN physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

alpha	D25 -40.5° (c = 1 in phosphate buffer of pH 7)
storage temp.	2-8°C
Aggregatzustand	lyophilized powder

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	T
R-Sätze:	60
S-Sätze:	53-36/37/39-45
WGK Germany	3
RTECS-Nr.	TW2895000
F	10-21

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

PROLACTIN, HUMAN Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R60:Kann die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
The hormone from the adenohypophysis, consisting of single chain of 198 amino acid residues with three disulphide linkages that stimulates lactation by the mammary glands, in conjunction with the effects of estrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin. Prolactin secretion is normally suppressed by the hypothalamic prolactin inhibitory factor until after parturition. In birds stimulates secretion of crop milk by the crop glands.
Chemische Eigenschaften
PRL is best known for its role in enabling female mammals to produce milk, and in a variety of biological functions in vertebrates, including an essential role in the control of water and salt balance, metabolism, and regulation of the immune system. Prolactin 2 is a prolactin-like molecule produced in extrapituitary tissues, and is the most recently discovered member of the GH/PRL family.
Verwenden
Prolactin is glycosylated.
Indications
Human prolactin is similar in structure to human growth hormone, and both are good lactogens. In women, prolactin acts with other hormones on the mammary gland during pregnancy to develop lactation and after birth to maintain it. Hyperprolactinemia causes impotence in men and amenorrhea and infertility in women. Chronically elevated levels of circulating prolactin are associated with suppression of 17-β-estradiol and testosterone production in the ovaries and testes.
Prolactin serum levels increase during pregnancy and breast-feeding, at least immediately after the birth. In both men and women, prolactin increases after sleep starts, continues to increase during the night, and increases markedly during stress. Prolactin release is episodic during the day. More than 20 hormones and neurotransmitters affect prolactin production, but the dominant physiological control is primarily negative, mediated by dopamine from the hypothalamus. Dopaminergic agonists inhibit prolactin release and antagonists, such as the antipsychotic drugs, increase release.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Prolactin (PRL), a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary,was discovered in 1928. It is a 198-residue polypeptidewith general structural features similar to those of GH.PRL stimulates lactation of parturition.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Prolactin is a neuroendocrine hormone. The prolactin receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the cytokine hematopoietic receptor family. A large number of cells and organs express the receptor, including B cells, T cells, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils. Prolactin signal transduction involves the JAK/STAT families and the src kinase family. Induces lactation; inhibits secretion of gonadotropins; release is inhibited by dopamine.
Clinical Use
PRL1 levels are checked as part of a sex hormone work-up because elevated PRL1 secretion can suppress the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in men. Serum PRL1 levels are of some use in distinguishing epileptic seizures from psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, as the levels rise following an epileptic seizure. In addition, the measurement of PRL1 is important for the diagnosis of prolactinoma. Of the pituitary adenomas, prolactinoma is the only adenoma for which drug therapy is the first choice.

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