From weaning, female Alms1 mutant (foz/foz) mice and wild-type littermates are fed an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks; groups (n=8-12) are then randomized to receive Seladelpar (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (1% methylcellulose) by gavage for 8 weeks. Despite minimally altering body weight, Seladelpar normalizes hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose disposal in foz/foz mice. Serum alanine aminotransferase ranges 300-600 U/L in vehicle-treated foz/foz mice; Seladelpar reduces alanine aminotransferase by 50%. In addition, Seladelpar normalizes serum lipids and hepatic levels of free cholesterol and other lipotoxic lipids that are increased in vehicle-treated foz/foz versus wild-type mice. This abolished hepatocyte ballooning and apoptosis, substantially reduce steatosis and liver inflammation, and improve liver fibrosis. In vehicle-treated foz/foz mice, the mean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score is 6.9, indicating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); Seladelpar reverses NASH in all foz/foz mice (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score 3.13). In atherogenic diet-fed Wt mice, administration of Seladelpar reduces body weight by ～18% (P<0.05). In contrast, Seladelpar produces minimal effect on body weight in atherogenic diet–fed foz/foz mice. These animals develope severe hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and whole-body insulin resistance after 16 weeks (P<0.05); Seladelpar strikingly improves these indices (P<0.05). After intraperitoneal glucose injection, blood glucose reaches ~32 mM in vehicle-treated versus ~14 mM in Seladelpar-treated foz/foz mice (P<0.05); the area under the blood glucose disappearance curve is correspondingly lower in Seladelpar-treated foz/foz mice (P<0.05). Seladelpar produces a proportionally similar effect on glucose handling in atherogenic diet–fed Wt mice (P<0.05)[2].
