Description
Uniconazole is a plant growth regulator. It has a low water solubility, is quite volatile and there is also a slight risk of leaching to groundwater. It can be persistent in both soil and aquatic systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals but would not be expected to bioaccumulate. It shows a moderate level of toxicity to most aquatic species honeybees, earthworms and birds.
Chemical Properties
The substance appears as an off-white to light tan Solid. It can dissolve in water with a solubility of 14.3mg/L at 24°C. It is also soluble in acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate, and other organic solvents. It has low toxicity to humans and animals, but medium toxicity to fish.
Uses
Uniconazole is a plant growth regulator, absorbed by the stems and roots. Uniconazole is used to reduce lodging in rice; to reduce vegetative growth and increase flowering of ornamentals; and to reduc
e vegetative growth and the need for pruning in trees. Uniconazole is an insecticide.
Definition
ChEBI: Uniconazole[83657-22-1] is a member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at position 1 by a 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-2-yl group. It is a member of monochlorobenzenes, a secondary alcohol and a member of triazoles.
Production Methods
The commercial production of uniconazole typically involves a multi-step synthesis starting with pinacolone as a key intermediate. This compound undergoes a condensation reaction with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde to form a substituted penten-3-ol backbone. The next step introduces a triazole ring via nucleophilic substitution using 1,2,4-triazole, forming the core structure of uniconazole. The final step involves stereoselective purification to isolate the biologically active enantiomer, Uniconazole-P, which is responsible for its plant growth-regulating properties.
Hazard
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
Biological Activity
ki = 68 nmuniconazole is a cytochrome p450 707as inhibitor.plant growth retardants (pgrs) can reduce the shoot growth of plants via inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis. the inhibitory effects of pgrs on arabidopsis abscisic acid (aba) 8'-hydroxylase, a major aba catabolic enzyme, recently identified as cyp707as, have been reported.
Mechanism of action
Reduces gibberellin biosynthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450 707As
in vitro
in an in-vitro assay with cyp707a3 microsomes expressed in insect cells, uniconazole could inhibit cyp707a3 activity more effectively than paclobutrazol or tetcyclacis, while the other tested pgrs could not significantly inhibit it. in addition, uniconazole was also found to be a strong competitive inhibitor of aba 8'-hydroxylase [1].
in vivo
uniconazole-treated arabidopsis plants displayed enhanced drought tolerance. in uniconazole-treated plants, endogenous aba levels increased 2-fold as compared with the control, and co-application of ga(4) could not suppress such effects, suggesting that these effects were not because of gibberellin deficiency. therefore uniconazole could effectively inhibit aba catabolism in arabidopsis plants [1].
References
[1] saito, s. ,okamoto, m.,shinoda, s., et al. a plant growth retardant, uniconazole, is a potent inhibitor of aba catabolism in arabidopsis. bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 70(7), 1731-1739 (2006). DOI:
10.1271/bbb.60077[2] Enantioselective acute toxicity, oxidative stress effects, neurotoxicity, and thyroid disruption of uniconazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio) DOI:
10.1007/s11356-022-18997-3[3] USE OF UNICONAZOLE IN GROWTH REGULATION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN MAIZE DOI:
10.18512/rbms2022v21e1246
Pesticide Type
Plant Growth Regulator
