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• Description

  Lanosterol occurs naturally in the eyes of mammals and has been shown to dissolve cataracts by revitalizing damaged cataract-causing crystallin proteins. Lanosterol’s amphipathic nature is believed to play a large role in its ability to prevent and reverse cataract formation.
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• Source

  Lanosterol is the first sterol in lipid biosynthetic pathway, which is initially converted by acetyl-CoA. The complex process of lanosterol synthesis involves several enzymes, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, squalene epoxidase, and lanosterol synthase (LSS). LSS is a microsomal enzyme that functions as a downstream element in the lanosterol biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing the cyclization of the linear 2,3-monoepoxysqualene to lanosterol.;

• Function

  A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in sterol biosynthesis. Catalyzes 14-alpha demethylation of lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol likely through sequential oxidative conversion of 14-alpha methyl group to hydroxymethyl, then to carboxylaldehyde, followed by the formation of the delta 14,15 double bond in the sterol core and concomitant release of formic acid (PubMed:20149798, PubMed:8619637). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase.;

• Biosynthesis pathway

  The lanosterol pathway refers to a segment of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway comprising twelve enzymes, namely acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase, diphoshomevalonate decarboxylase, isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, squalene synthase, squalene monooxygenase and lanosterol synthase. The lanosterol pathway describes the stages of cholesterol biosynthesis between the conversion of substrates acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA to (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, through to the formation of intermediate metabolite lanosterol, the precursor of cholesterol. Metabolites of the lanosterol pathway are either directed to the synthesis of cholesterol and other sterols, or to side branches of the pathway through which they are converted to isoprenoids and other non-sterols.;

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