75-13-8

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Questions And Answer

• Chemical Properties

  Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is a volatile, moderately acidic compound, and the simplest member of the isocyanate family.
  Isocyanic acid is a colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology. It is a hydracid and a one-carbon compound. It is a conjugate acid of a cyanate. It is a tautomer of a cyanic acid. ;

• Physical properties

  Isocyanic acid (ICA, Cas no. 75-13- 8) is a strong organic acid with a kPa of 3.5. ICA is a very reactive compound that can readily transform into other substances. It can lose a proton in an aqueous environment under certain conditions, particularly if a strong base is present, forming an isocyanate. ICA is a tautomer of the less stable, cyanic acid (CAS no. 420-05-3). These forms interchange by a tautomerisation reaction, involving the migration of a hydrogen atom or proton accompanied by a switch of a double bond. ICA is an unstable liquid above 0o C with a tendency to polymerise. The primary polymerisation product, which is also generated in the gas form, is cyanuric acid (CAS no. 108-80-5), a cyclic trimer. ICA is soluble in water, but disintegrates both via ionisation and by formation of ammonia and carbon dioxide. ;

• Uses

  The primary use of methyl isocyanate (MIC, CAS no. 624-83-9) is as a chemical intermediate in the production of carbamate pesticides. MIC is also used to produce polyurethane foam and plastics (ATSDR, 2002). Isocyanic acid (ICA, Cas no. 75-13- 8) does not have commercial uses because of its instability. The potential for occupational exposure to ICA largely arises when it is generated as a thermal degradation product of other industrial processes. Ethyl isocyanate is a liquid used commercially to make pharmaceuticals and pesticides (NJDHSS, 2000). Phenyl isocyanate (PIC, CAS no. 103-71-9) is a trace constituent in commercial diphenyl methane diisocyanate products. ;

• Preparation

  Isocyanic acid was prepared in pure form by reaction of KOCN or NaOCN with stearic or oxalic acid in good yield. ;

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